高考英语阅读理解专题复习
—英语阅读理解正确选项与干扰选项的特点
第一节  正确选项往往是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换
一般来说, 阅读理解测试中要求出主要事实或特定细节的问题, 在文章中均可到回答。但是, 需要注意的是, 这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话, 而是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换。
一、利用原文词句的同义词句或相似结构，转换表达形式。
【考例1】
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. (2012XX卷C篇)
68. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_____.
A. it can help plastic degrade                B. it can be found in living things
C. its mass production has been realized        D. its raw materials are abundant in mature
【考例2】
    “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth”  (2010XX卷C篇)
The discovery shows that Westerners _______.
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
二、利用原文词句的反义词或相反结构，转换表达形式。
【考例3】 Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics in 1997 23% said they didn’t like reading in all. In 2003, 35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly. （2007XXB）
Statistics suggested that _______.
A. the number of top students increased with the use of computers
B. a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading
C. a minority of primacy school children read properly
D. a huge percentage of children read regularly
【考例4】When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem h
ere. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. … instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. (2011XX卷A)
What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?
A. They speed up to pass.                      B. They waited with patience.
C. They tried their best to help.                D. They put on their flashlights too.
三、通过词性变化，转换表达的形式
【考例5】 Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.” （2009XXD）
According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters        .
A. wiser in money management                  B. have access to better equipment
C. confident about their future careers              D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds
四、使用原文的词句的上下义结构，转换表达形式。
【考例6】University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the pubic sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. (2009XXD)
Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their_____.
A. greater stability        B. higher pay        C. fewer applications    D. better reputation
第二节 英语阅读理解干扰项的设置特点分析
通过分析干扰项的设置特点可以为我们提供思考的方向。常用的干扰手段有哪些。干扰项的如下特点：
(一)偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
degrade
【考例1】
(2011XX卷A篇) When first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob（烤肉串）hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less.
Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that
Many restaurants lack.
The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but environment is truly charming.
56. When first entering the restaurant, one can find that          .
A. is splendidly decorated                B. has pleasant smells of kabobs
C. is crowded with dining tables            D. looks like a common restaurant
【考例2】
(2011XX卷A篇) A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, and reading local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled with food..
57. What activity is also mentioned apart from dining in the restaurant?

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