2013考研英语一真题完形填空及答案解析本文来源:www.scxuefu/EnExams
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以下为2013考研英语一真题完形填空:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1.[A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2.[A] minor [B] external [C] crucial [D] objective
3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4.[A] Above all [B] On average [C] In principle [D] For example
5.[A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6.[A] in [B] for [C] to [D] on
7.[A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless
8.[A] test [B] emphasize [C] share [D] promote
9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10.[A] found [B] studied [C] chosen [D] identified
11.[A] otherwise [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] exceptional
12.[A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13.[A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14.[A] put [B] got [C] took [D] gave
15.[A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather
16.[A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17.[A] below [B] after [C] above [D] before
18.[A] jump [B] float [C] fluctuate [D] drop
19.[A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard
20.[A] necessary [B] possible [C] promising [D] helpful
以下为学府考研(www.scxuefu)为您提供的2013考研英语一真题完形填空答案分析:一、文章题材结构分析
本文选自2012年6月16日The Economist《经济学人》,原文标题是A question of judgment (《判断上的一个问题》)的文章。
本文对“作决定时不考虑背景因素是优势”这一传统观点提出异议。文章第一段先扬后抑,由Dr. Uri Simonsohn指出,这种优势有可能是劣势。他认为不考虑外界因素容易受片面信息影响,无法做出客
观判断,并通过法官判案这个例子来支撑这一观点。第二段Dr. Simonsohn 进一步通过大学招生程序,来验证自己的观点。针对当前面试者不受其他面试者影响这一观点,提出怀疑。第三段具体介绍了面试过程的安排。第四段Dr. Simonsoho分析了面试的结果,他指出面试官给面试者打分的时候,容易受到之前面试者的分数影响,验证了自己的观点。
二、试题解析
1.
[A] grants赋予,授予
[B] submits 服从,提交
[C] transmits传输,发射
[D] delivers 传递
【答案】A
【考点】动词搭配
【解析】第一句提到“总体而言,当人们自己做决定时,并不擅长考虑背景信息。”第二句顺接上文,“乍一看这是一种优势”,that引导定语从句,这种优势使人们具有一种能力,即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。B选项submit “服从,提交”,不能与ability连用,C选项transmit “传输,发射”,也不能与ability 搭配,D选项deliver “传递”,同样不能与ability搭配。A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。A选项grant本身具有赋予,授予的意思。故答案选A。
2.
[A] minor次要的
[B] external外部的
[C] crucial残酷的
[D] objective客观的
【答案】B
【考点】上下文语义衔接+形容词辨析
【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现,不考虑背景信息,不受外界因素影响。A选项minor次要的,B选项external 外部的,C选项crucial 残酷的,D 选项objective 客观的,故答案选B。
3.
[A] issue 问题
[B] vision 想象力,美景
[C] picture 行为;做法;行动
[D] moment 瞬间,重要时刻
【答案】C
【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析
【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折。“但是Simonsohn推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the,指代上文信息,即不考虑背景信息、不考虑
大环境。而大局,大环境的表达,此处选择picture是最贴切的。A 选项issue 问题,B选项vision 想象力,美景都不合适,故答案选C。
4.
[A] Above all 首先
[B] On average 平均,通常
[C] In principle大体上,原则上
applicant是什么意思[D] For example 例如
【答案】D
【考点】上下文语义衔接+短语辨析
【解析】通读后面的句子,提到了法官与被告,这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例,故答案选D。而A选项above all“首先”是用来列举条目;B选项 on average “平均,通常”,出现的话,周围往往应该要出现数字。C选项in principle“大体上,原则上”,后面需要出现的是总结性的话语,将A,B,C排除。
5.
[A] fond 喜欢的
[B] fearful 惧怕的
[C] capable有能力的
[D] thoughtless 考虑不周的
【答案】B
【考点】上下文语义衔接+短语辨析
【解析】从句意上来看“例如,他们提出理论,认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱,如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑,那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。A选项fond of 喜欢,B选项 fear of 惧怕,C选项capable of 有能力,D选项thoughtless of 考虑不周,故答案选B。
6.
[A] in在……里
[B] for为了,因为
[C] to表方向
[D] on 在……上
【答案】D
【考点】句间逻辑关系+固定结构
【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系,在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱,在……方面,关于……的表达应该用介词on,故答案为D。
7.
[A] if 如果
[B] until 直到
[C] though尽管
[D] unless 除非
【答案】A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定短语
【解析】A选项if 表条件。B选项 until 表时间,往往跟not连用,直接排除。C选项though 表让步,D选项unless 相当于if...not 。通读空格所在的前后句子,得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的。
8.
[A] test 检验
[B] emphasize 强调
[C] share分享
[D] promote 促进
【答案】A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】首先注意到idea前面有指示代词this,很明显指代上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样,下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证,目的是对上文的观点进行检验,而不是A选项“促进”,B选项“强调”或C选项“分享”,故答案选D。
9.
[A] decision决定
[B] quality 质量,品质
[C] status 地位
[D] success成功
【答案】D
【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析
【解析】A选项decision“决定”,B 选项quality“质量,品质”,C选项status“地位”,D选项success“成功”。申请者的____不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者。接着下文讲到面试官面试MBA
申请者的结果results,因此第9题应该也有结果的意思,与下文结合是达到正面的结果,因此答案是即“申请者的成功”。其它选项带入原文重叠答案,与原义不符合。
10.
[A] found 到的
[B] studied 研究过的
[C] chosen精选的
[D] identified 经鉴定的
【答案】C
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】空格后面有一个副词为randomly,随机地,既然是随机,那么A选项found “
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