英语国家概况（课后问答题）
第一部分 英国概况
submarine1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?
Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.
2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?
They are England, Scotland and Wales
3. What is the official name of Great Britain？
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
4. Where did the King Harold defeat Tostig and Harold Hardrada?
( At Stanford Bridge)
5.What did William do after he suppressed镇压 the Saxon risings in the north?
(He built a string of defense防卫 castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.)
6. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?
( For nearly 400 years)
7 What was the peculiar features of the feudal system of England?
(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.)
8 What did Willliam I leave to his sons after he died?
( He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second son William, and a large sum of money to his third son, Henry.)
9 What was William I’s policy towards the church?
(He wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to upload its power.)
10 When was the Domesday Book completed?
( In 1086)
11 What was the consequence of the Hundred Years’ War?
(The French drove the English out of their land. By 1453, Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of English)
12 What did the Lollards preach?
(The Lollards preached the equality of men before God)
13 What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years?
( France and Spain were the two countries that Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years)
14 What was the outcome结果 of the English Civil War?
(It not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.)
15 What were the three main causes of Henry VIII’s religious reform of the Church?
( The three main causes were: a desire for change and reform in the Church had been growing for many years and now, encouraged by the success of Marin Luther, many people believed its time had come; the privilege and wealth of the clergy were also resented; and Henry needed money)
16 Which party did Margaret Thatcher represent in the 1970s?
(She represented the Conservative Party)
17 What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century?
Whigs stood for a reduction in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers.
18 Why did changes in farming methods改变耕作方式 affect lives of millions in the 18th century?
(Because village and agriculture were the backbone of England at that time.)
19 When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community?
(Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community in January, 1973)
没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990?
(It was because of her opposition to European Union and her imposition of an extremely unpopular flatrate ‘poll tax’ in place of property taxes to pay for local government service.
21 What were the two groups of the Chartiests? What was their difference?
(The Chartists could be divided into two groups: the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists. The former wanted to realize their aims by peaceful means while the latter wanted to achieve their purpose by violence)
22 What was the goal of the London Working Men’s Association in its struggle?
(It aimed to ‘ to seek by every legal means to place all classes of society in possession of equal political and social rights)
23 Why was Britain known as the factory of the world in the mid-19th century?
(Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)
24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(The Queen)
25 How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the UK consist of ?

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