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1)Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
2)They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.
3)During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.
4)Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.
5)Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.
6)The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary," says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.
7)The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________
[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats
[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
[C] attain sociable traits through special training
[D] send out warning messages to their fellow
22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?
[A] It followed the social robot.
[B]It played with some toys.
[C] It set the trapped rats free.
[D]It moved around alone.
23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________
[A] tried to practice a means of escape
[B] expected it to do the same in return
[C] wanted to display their intelligence
[D]considered that an interesting game
24. James Wiles notes that rats________
[A]can remember other rat's facial features
[B] differentiate smells better than sizes
[C] respond more to actions than to looks
[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels
minimal25. It can be learned from the text that rats________
[A] appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
[B] are more socially active than other animals
[C] behave differently from children in socializing
[D] are more sensitive to social cues than expected
      答案：
21.选项[A]正确
细节题，根据题干关键词Quinn and her colleagues定位到段第二句。为了查明这是否延伸到了非生物，Quinn和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社交信号。正确[A]是原文的同义替换。选项[B]区分友好的老鼠和敌对的老鼠，选项[C]的通过特殊训练获得社交品质，选项[D]的向它们的同伴发出警告信息，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。
22.选项[D]正确
细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词the asocial robot定位到第三段最后一句Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.同
时，不具有社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移动。正确答案[D] It moved around alone.是原文的同义替换。选项[A]的它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠，选项[C]它释放了被困的老鼠，这是具备社交能力的机器老鼠做的，选项[B]它玩一些玩具，属于张冠李戴且与原文不符。故[D]正确。
23.选项[B]正确
细节题，由题干关键词the rats released the social robots下定位到第五段末句Quinn说：这可能会让老鼠更好地记住早些时候已经释放了机器人，并希望机器人在它们被困住时能回报它们的恩惠。正确答案[B] expected it to do the same in return是原文的同义替换。选项[A]试图尝试一种逃跑的方法，选项[C]想要展示它们的智慧，选项[D]觉得是个有趣的游戏在原文中没有体现，均属于无中生有。故选择[B]。
24.选项[C]正确
细节题。据题干关键词James Wiles定位到第六七段，第七段尾段Wiles. Wiles说：“我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷，事实证明其他动物也很着迷。”再结合尾段前面部分的阐述，会发
现正确答案[C] respond more to actions than to looks对行动的反应多于对外表的反应，是原文的类似表达。选项[A]能够记住其他老鼠的面部特征，而原文第六段说的是假设赋予机器老鼠面部特征，那都不重要，故与原文不符。选项[B]与体型大小相比，能够更好地区分气味，原文中只提到赋予机器老鼠真老鼠的气味，第六段末尾说但这不重要，故与原文不符。选项[D]会被装有轮子的塑料盒子吓坏，与原文不符。故选择[C]。

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