Unit 5
Text Comprehension
I.C
II. TTTFF
III. 1. Refer to Para.2-5. Professor DePaulo’s study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small and insignificant. Meanwhile, as she points out, it is common that people take lies lightly: their lies have caused them little preoccupation or regret.
2. Refer to Para. 3. According to the passage, the purpose of telling lies or white lies varies: women tell lies according to the principle of caring, or to spare other’s feelings, and men tell lies basically for utilitarian self-promoting purposes.
3. Refer to Para.7-10. The story of Tom supports the argument that little white lies are ubiqu
itous, and people have taken such lies for granted, believing that they are well-intended. When he consulted with Michael Josephson, the reply is very negative: his mother-in-;aw may feel hurt when she discovers the deceit some day. Or even worse, she may question: "And what else have you lied to me about?〞 In short, such white lies may produce mistrust among people.
4. Refer to Para.12-15. The consequences of lying are three-fold: the deceived may feel cheated and won’t trust the liar any more; the liar will lose trust and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and, if lies proliferate endlessly, society as a whole would falter and collapse as trust is damaged or destroyed.
5. Refer to Para.16. Not all white lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telling children about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i.e. whether your act will undermine his trust in you.
IV.1. When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often re
quires other lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.
2. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.
3. The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.
Vocabulary<Pp. 83-84>
I.1. earth-shattering→ very important/shocking/traumatic
2. spare the other’s feelings→ avoid hurting the other’s feelings/ avoid doing something that would upset the other person
3. shaping or spinning the truth →telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth
4. a slippery slope→a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous
5. at all costs/ at any cost→under any circumstances/ whatever might happen
II. 1. supportive  2. perceived    3. prevarication    4. astounded
5. undermine    6. faltered      7. fibs        8. volunteered
III.<Word Derivation>
1> unethical
ethicn.→ ethicala. → unethicala.
伦理学是哲学的分科.
Ethics is a branch of philosophy.
他的行为不太道德.
His behaviour has not been strictly ethical.
2>feigned
feignv. → feigneda.
有些动物遇到危险时便装死.
Some animals feign death when in danger.
他大发雷霆,不知是真的还是假的.
He was consuming with indignation, real or feigned.
3>unsparing
sparev. → sparing a.→unsparing a. → unsparinglyad.
他们把男人都杀了,但放过了孩子.
They killed the men but spared the children.
尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟.
Nijinsky was unsparing in his demands for perfection.
他强迫自己拼命干.
He drove himself unsparingly.
4>cynical
cynicismn. → cynicn. →cynical a.
他的话带着强烈的讽刺.
His remark has a fine edge of cynicism.
罗伯特是一个地道的怀疑主义者,他不会不假思索就相信任何事或任何人.
Roberts is a real cynic; he won't accept anything or anyone at face value.
他们逐渐感到所谓##制度也不过尔尔.
They’ve grown rather cynical about democracy.
5>confoundedly
confoundv. →confoundeda. → confoundedlyad.
他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑.
His behaviour amazed and confounded her.
你真讨厌死了！
You’re a confounded nuisance!
天气太热了.
It’s confoundedlyhot.
6> lubricated
lubricatev.→lubricantn.
我需要润润嗓子.
My throat needs lubricating.
我们使用哪种润滑剂,主要取决于轴承的转速如何.
The sort of lubricant which we use depends largely on the running speed of the bearing.
7>entangled
tanglev. →tanglen. →entanglev.
她的头发让带刺的铁网缠住了.
Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence.
他的财务状况是一笔糊涂帐.
His financial affairs are in such a tangle.
她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了.
Her long hair entangled itself in the rose bush.
8> Willful
willn.→willfula.
我被迫违心地在协议上签了字.
proliferationI was forced to sign the agreement against my will.
只要人有恒,万事皆可成.
A willful man must have his way.
IV. <Phrase Practice>

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