PythonWebdriver常⽤函数
Python Selenium Webdriver
常⽤⽅法函数
1. 加载浏览器驱动: webdriver.Firefox()
2. 打开页⾯:get()
3. 关闭浏览器:quit()
4. 最⼤化窗⼝: maximize_window()
5. 设置窗⼝参数:set_window_size(600,800)
6. 后退到前⼀页: back()
7. 前进到后⼀页: forward()
8. 刷新页⾯: refresh()
9. 元素定位:
1. id定位:find_element_by_id()
2. name定位:find_element_by_name()
3. class定位:find_element_by_class()
4. tag定位:find_element_by_tag_name()
5. link定位:find_element_by_link_text()
6. partial link 定位: find_element_by_partial_link_text()
7. CSS定位:find_element_by_css_selector()
8. Xpath定位:
1. 绝对路径:find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[x]/div[x]/div/div/dl[x]/dt/a")
2. 元素属性:find_element_by_xpath("//unput[@id=‘kw’]")
3. 层级与属性结合:find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id=‘loginForm’]/ul/input[1]")
4. 逻辑运算符:find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id=‘kw’ and@class=‘s_ipt’]")
10. 清除⽂本:clear()
11. 模拟按键输⼊:send_keys(*value)11.模拟按键输⼊:send_keys(*value)
12. 单击元素:click()
13. 提交表单(相当于"回车"):submit()
14. ⿏标事件:
#coding:utf-8
from selenium.webdrivermon.action_chains import ActionChains
ActionChains(driver).***opration(opra)*** .perform()
elemengt = driver.find_element_by_xpath("xpath")
ActionChains(driver). double_click(DoubleClick) .perform()#双击
ActionChains(driver). context_click(RightClick) .perform()#右击
ActionChains(driver). drag_and_drop(Start, End) .perform()#拖放
ActionChains(driver). move_to_element(Above) .perform()#悬停
ActionChains(driver). click_and_hold(leftclick) .perform()#按下
15. 键盘事件:
send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE) = BackSpace
send_keys(Keys.SPACE) = Space
send_keys(Keys.TAB) = Tab
send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE) = Esc
send_keys(Keys.ENTER) = Enter
send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘a’) = Ctrl+A
send_keys(Keys.F1) = 键盘F1
16. 元素等待:
1. 显⽰等待
#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdrivermon.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
base_url = "www.baidu"
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
'''隐式等待和显⽰等待都存在时,超时时间取⼆者中较⼤的'''
locator = (By.ID,'kw')
<(base_url)
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.title_is(u"百度⼀下,你就知道"))
'''判断title,返回布尔值'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.title_contains(u"百度⼀下"))
selenium获取cookie'''判断title,返回布尔值'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'kw')))
'''判断某个元素是否被加到了dom树⾥,并不代表该元素⼀定可见,如果定位到就返回WebElement'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID,'su')))
'''判断某个元素是否被添加到了dom⾥并且可见,可见代表元素可显⽰且宽和⾼都⼤于0'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(by=By.ID,value='kw')))
'''判断元素是否可见,如果可见就返回这个元素'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.mnav')))
'''判断是否⾄少有1个元素存在于dom树中,如果定位到就返回列表'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of_any_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.mnav')))
'''判断是否⾄少有⼀个元素在页⾯中可见,如果定位到就返回列表'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10)._to_be_present_in_element((By.XPATH,"//*[@id='u1']/a[8]"),u'设置'))
'''判断指定的元素中是否包含了预期的字符串,返回布尔值'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10)._to_be_present_in_element_value((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#su'),u'百度⼀下')) '''判断指定元素的属性值中是否包含了预期的字符串,返回布尔值'''
#WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(locator))
'''判断该frame是否可以switch进去,如果可以的话,返回True并且switch进去,否则返回False'''
#注意这⾥并没有⼀个frame可以切换进去
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#swfEveryCookieWrap')))
'''判断某个元素在是否存在于dom或不可见,如果可见返回False,不可见返回这个元素'''
#注意#swfEveryCookieWrap在此页⾯中是⼀个隐藏的元素
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH,"//*[@id='u1']/a[8]"))).click()
'''判断某个元素中是否可见并且是enable的,代表可点击'''
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='wrapper']/div[6]/a[1]").click()
#WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH,"//*[@id='wrapper']/div[6]/a[1]"))).click()
#WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.staleness_of(driver.find_element(By.ID,'su')))
'''等待某个元素从dom树中移除'''
#这⾥没有到合适的例⼦
#这⾥没有到合适的例⼦
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.element_to_be_selected(driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//*[@id='nr']/option[1]")))
'''判断某个元素是否被选中了,⼀般⽤在下拉列表'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.element_selection_state_to_be(driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//*[@id='nr']/option[1]"),True))
'''判断某个元素的选中状态是否符合预期'''
WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.element_located_selection_state_to_be((By.XPATH,"//*[@id='nr']/option[1]"),True))
'''判断某个元素的选中状态是否符合预期'''
driver.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='gxszButton']/a[1]").click()
instance = WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.alert_is_present())
'''判断页⾯上是否存在alert,如果有就切换到alert并返回alert的内容'''
)
instance.accept()
driver.close()
2. 隐式等待
ptions import NoSuchElementException
drive.implicitly_wait(10)
17. 多表单切换:switch_to.frame()
18. 多窗⼝切换:switch_to.window()
当前句柄:current_window_handle
所有句柄:window_handles
19. 警告框处理:switch_to_alert()
text:返回所有alert/confirm/prompt中的⽂字信息
accept():接受现有警告框
dismiss():解散现有警告框
send_keys(keysToSend):发送⽂本⾄警告框
20. cookie处理:
get_cookies():获得所有cookie信息
get_cookie(name):返回字典的key为“name”的cookie信息
add_cookie(cookie_dict):添加cookie。“cookie_dict”指字典对象,必须有name和value值
delete_cookie(name,optionsString):删除cookie信息。“name”是要删除的cookie的名称,“optionsString”是该cookie的选项,⽬前⽀持的选项包括“路径”,“域”
delete_all_cookies():删除所有cookie信息
21. 窗⼝截图:get_screenshot_as_file()
22. 关闭窗⼝:close()
23. ⽣成随机数:radint()
24. 获得title并打印
#coding:utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
title = driver.title
print(title)
if title == u"百度⼀下,你就知道":#⽐较title
print("title yes!")
else:
print("title no!")
url = driver.current_url#获得当前URL并打印
print(url)
25. 滚动条设置(2种⽅式):
# 使⽤scrollTop滑动到底部
js = "var action=document.documentElement.scrollTop=10000"
# 使⽤scrollTo设置位置
driver.set_window_size(600, 600)
js = "window.scrollTo(100,450);"
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