动词后加-ing的规则
 
1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughingclimb—climbingstand—standingfight—fighting
2.以-e结尾的动词
1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing
write—writinghope—hopingcare—caringstare—staringplane—planinghave—havingsave—saving produce—producing breathe—breathing
2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing
die—dyingtie—tyingvie—vyinglie—lying
3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e
see—seeingflee—fleeingfree—freeingagree—agreeinghoe—hoeing dye—dyeingeye—eyeing
4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing
sue—suingimbue—imbuingconstrue—construingpursue—pursuing
rue—ruing
有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:
glue—gluing glueingcue—cuing cueing blue—blueing bluing
true—truingtrueingclue—clueingcluing
3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词
1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:
run—running stop—stopping hop—hopping plan—planningstar—starring contro
l—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x
实起着两个辅音的作用):
tax—taxingrelax—relaxing
2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:
kidnap—kidnappingkidnapingprogram—programmingprograming
3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:
open—openingoffer—offeringaudit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:
worship—worshiping worshippingfocus—focusing focussingcancel—cancelingcancellingtravel—travelingtravelling
以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(yw)结尾,可直接加-ing
pay—paying throw—throwingfollow—following draw—drawing employ—employing
5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing
frolic—frolickingpanic—panickingmimic—mimickingpicnic—picnickingtraffic—trafficking
这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/
其实,保持发音不变是英语中的一条一般规则。再如,在-ing前面无论是增加、保留还是去掉一个字母,都倾向于保留原先的长元音或短元音的发音:
hopinghopping staringworshipstarring playing planning

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