山东省济南市2022-2023学年高二下学期开学学情检测
(期末考试)英语试题
一、阅读理解
Body language is as important as the language itself. And if you think it means the same all around the world, you’ve got that all wrong. Gestures that mean something in one country don’t necessarily mean the same in another. As much as you need to learn a second language fluently, it’s also vital to get to know gestures in different cultures.
No matter how fluently you can speak Russian, we bet you don’t know a fun fact. While counting from one to five using fingers, people all over the world start counting with a ball-up fist. Starting from one, you uncurl(伸直) each of the fingers. Until you come to five, your hand is wide open. Everywhere worldwide, people count like this except in Russia. Instead of a ball-up fist, they start counting with a wide-open hand. So, when Russians start counting from one, they curl their fingers one by one. In the end, when they reach five, they get a ball-up fist.
What is the best way to learn Italian? Let’s be straight right away: without hand gesturing, it is impossib
le. So, if you are learning Italian, besides the language, you should learn their hand gestures as well. One of the worldwide-known Italian gestures is the pinecone. The pinecone gesture is formed when you bring all the tips of your fingers to one point. Then you move your wrist back and forth. The gesture is usually used when you have questions.
1. How might Russians express ten with hands?
A．With two fists. B．With two fingers.
C．With two open hands. D．With one finger and a fist.
2. What do Italians probably express with the pinecone gesture?
A．Happiness. B．Confusion. C．Appreciation. D．Fear. 3. What is the text mainly about?
A．Tips on learning Italian.
B．Ways of communication.
C．Meanings of hand gestures.
D．Techniques of counting numbers.
On the website of the EU Prize for Women Innovators, there are dozens of inspiring stories of female leaders alongside pictures of these professional-looking women wearing single color business suits. But when we move the page down a little further, Ailbhe and Izzy’s pictures pop off the page, with their eye-catching colors and bright rainbow patterns, which is entirely in line with their company belief “If you can’t stand up, stand out.” The fashionable sisters took th e world by storm with their personalized wheelchair decorations.
Ailbhe, now 25, was four years old when she became a big sister to Izzy. Although Izzy was born disabled and couldn’t move from the waist down, her courage and energy deeply impressed Ailbhe and the two sisters developed a lifelong friendship. They spent hours as children decorating Izzy’s wheelchairs and her other mobility devices. So when Ailbhe graduated from the National College of Art and had to complete a final year project, she knew what to choose-dress up a wheelchair’s wheels! Ailbhe said, “The wheelchair itself didn’t show Izzy’s attitudes to life, or her energetic personality. It was ugly and made you lose confidence. I thought there might be a way of bridging that gap.”
Ailbhe’s project was extremely well received at her school’s design show. Izzy loved the new wheels a
s well. A state organization helped the sisters work with fashion designers and get their business to take off. The next step for the sisters was partnering with big companies which were interested in representing people with disabilities. They turned to Disney. After all, this cooperation would involve one of their favorite activities-watching Disney movies! Besides, Disney was willing to donate 10% of profits to a charity that helps disabled children. In addition, the company promised to realize the dreams of children with disabilities.
The sisters are excited for their creativity to make life in a wheelchair more fashionable, fun and personalized.
4. What helped the sisters win the EU prize?
A．The fashionable company. B．The eye-catching pictures.
C．Their colorful business suits. D．Their decorated wheelchairs.
5. What inspired Ailbhe to choose her final year project?
A．Her duty to be an elder sister.
B．Her desire to show a real Izzy.
C．Her pity for Izzy’s disability.
D．Her admiration for great women.
6. Why did Ailbhe and Izzy choose to work with Disney?
A．To earn money. B．To make movies.
C．To help disabled kids. D．To become designers.
7. What can we learn from Ailbhe and Izzy?
A．Nothing can prevent a determined heart.
B．Creativity makes the disabled stand out.
C．Every advantage has its disadvantage.
D．Technology brings people together.
Scientists have found the world’s biggest seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas. Seagrass refers to doz
ens of different species of flowering plants that live entirely underwater, producing energy through photosynthesis (光合作用) by absorbing sunlight. Like their land-based relatives, seagrasses have roots and leaves and also produce seeds. Seagrasses grow in salty coastal waters around the world, usually in shallow waters where sunlight is more plentiful. Since seagrasses carry out the process of photosynthesis, they are known to be very effective at storing carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas. This is because photosynthesis involves plants using sunlight to transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.
These underwater plants play an important role in carbon sequestration, in which carbon is stored in the environment rather than being allowed to float freely in the atmosphere where it can contribute to global warming. According to Gallagher, one of the new study’s authors, carbon enters the ocean as part of the carbon cycle, and the seagrass takes in this carbon through photosynthesis via their leaves. This is part one. The second part is when the seagrass transports this carbon through itself, burying and storing it in its root system. Seagrass stores this carbon permanently.
The purpose of the study by Gallagher and his colleagues was to map seagrass in the Bahamas, using data from 15 tiger sharks equipped with tracking instruments that could also take images of the sea floor. That information was then combined with reports from 2,500 surveys by human divers.
Mark Huxham, professor of teaching and research in environmental biology, said “This brilliant study uses imaginative and exciting new technology, in partnership with tiger sharks. We know seagrass is important for the health of our seas and our planet, but there are major gaps in our u nderstanding about it.”
8. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The cause of photosynthesis.
B．Living conditions for seagrass.
C．Environmental effect of seagrass.
D．The introduction of photosynthesis.
9. What does the underlined part “carbon sequestration” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Absorbing carbon from the air.
B．Reducing carbon in the roots.
C．Releasing carbon into the air.
D．Keeping carbon in sea plants.
10. What may Mark Huxham agree with?
A．Scientists have fully studied seagrass.
B．The study contributes to a new technology.
C．There is still a lot of work to study seagrass.
D．Tiger sharks will be the focus of future studies.
11. What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform. B．To criticize. C．To advertise. D．To persuade.
Getting less than five hours of sleep in mid-to-late life could be linked to an increased risk of developing at least two chronic (慢性的) diseases, according to a new study. The research analyzed the effect of sleep time on the health of more than 7,000 men and women over 50. Researchers examined the relationship between how long each participant slept for and whether they had two or more chronic diseases over the course of 25 years.
People who were reported getting five hours of sleep or less at age 50 were 20% more likely to have two or more chronic diseases, as opposed to people who slept for up to seven hours Additionally, sleeping for five hours or less was linked to a 30% to 40% increased risk of multimorbidity (多病症) when compared with those who slept for up to seven hours.
Lead author, Dr Sabia, said: “To ensure a better night’s sleep, it is important to promote good sleep, such as making sure the bedroom is quiet, dark and a comfortable temperature before sleeping. It’s also advised to remove electronic devices and avoid large meals before bedtime. Physical activity and being exposed to light during the day might also promote good sleep.”
Dr Sabia said, “Short sleep increases the risk of chronic diseases that in turn increase the risk of death. However, if a participant has already suffered from a chronic condition, then long sleep time is associated with around a 35% increased risk of developing another illness. Researchers believe this could be due to unnoticed health conditions impacting sleep.” Dr. Sabia added, “This research adds to a growing body of research that highlights how important it is to get a good night’s sleep.”
12. How did the experts carry out the study in Paragraph 2?
A．By making contrasts.
B．By having interviews.
C．By conducting online surveys.
D．By analyzing published papers.
13. Which of the following will increase the quality of night’s sleep?
A．Being exposed to light at night.
B．Avoiding phone use before bedtime.
C．Limiting physical exercise in the day.
D．Finding a bright and peaceful bedroom.
14. What can we infer from what Dr Sabia said in Paragraph 4?
A．Short sleep may increase deaths by 35%.
B．Lack of sleep directly leads to more deaths.
C．The longer you sleep, the more diseases you will have.
D．The research further stresses the importance of good sleep.
15. What is the best title of the teat?
A．Longer Sleep, Better Health
B．Shorter Sleep, Fewer Risks
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C．Less Sleep, Poorer Health
D．More Exercise, Better Sleep
二、七选五
Harvesting fruits is a very demanding job. If pickers are not available, fruits will rot on the trees. But with pickers in short supply in recent years, growers needed to quickly find another way to harvest their fruits.    16
An Israeli company Tevel has developed these flying autonomous robots. The robots fly over a tree an
d pick fruits with its arms. They are fitted with cameras that use AI to assess the size and color of the fruit.    17    In addition, they can collect more fruits than
a picker during a given time.
18    The flying robots are connected to a platform that acts as the power source so that they never run out of power. They will work all day and night in any weather without taking a break.
Dozens of these smart robots can be used across an orchard (果园) during the time when the fruit is ready to be harvested. The farmers just need to tell the company how many flying robots they need and how long they will use.      19

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