独立主格结构定义、用法、构成详解
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独立主格结构定义、用法、构成详解
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成,最喜爱语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子,具有以下特点:
1、独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句,可表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况;
2、独立主格结构可置于句首,也可以放在句尾;
3、独立主格结构主要用于书面语;
4、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中语法主语不同,不指同一个人或同一事物。
独立主格结构的构成
第一、with/without+名词/代词(宾格)+分词,如
Without any money left,he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend.
由于手头拮据,他只得向他的朋友借一些钱
With him sitting next to her,she felt safe.
有他坐在身旁,她感到很安全
第二、名词(或代词主格)(逻辑主语)+分词
Homework finished,he went to bed.
家庭作业做完后,他上床睡觉
The sun having risen,the fog soon disappeared.
太阳升起来了,雾很快消散了
第三、名词(逻辑主语)+介词短语/形容词/副词
Book in hand,the teacher entered the classroom.
老师手里拿了一本书走进了教室
He walked out of the room,face red with anger
他走出房间,气得脸通红
独立主格结构的用法
(1)用作时间状语
My work having been finished,I went home. 我干完工作后就回家了
The meeting over,they left the hall. 会议结束之后,他们离开了大厅
(2)用作原因状语
My watch having been lost,I didn't know what time is was.
我的表丢了,我不知道现在是几点
There being no bus,we had to walk home
没有公共汽车,我们只好走好回家
(3)用作条件状语
Time permitting,I shall go to the cinema with you.
如果时间允许,我就和你去看电影
Weather permitting,we shall go outing.
如果天气许可,我们就去郊游
(4)描述伴随行为或补充说明
Mary entered the room,with a big apple in hand.
玛丽手里拿着一个大苹果走进了房间
He was doing his homework,his father sitting aside.
他在正做家庭作业,父亲坐在旁边
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