oracle11g修改字符集修改为ZHS16GBK
2.0\dbhome_1\BIN
2.输⼊set ORACLE_SID=你想进⼊的数据库的那个sid
3.输⼊ sqlplus /nolog
4.将数据库启动到RESTRICTED模式下做字符集更改：
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  236000356 bytes
Fixed Size                  451684 bytes
Variable Size            201326592 bytes
Database Buffers          33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers                667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
提⽰我们的字符集：新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集，这时我们可以跳过超集的检查做更改：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;
略
19 rows selected.
重启检查是否更改完成：
SQL> shutdown immediate;oracle11g 创建数据库
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  236000356 bytes Fixed Size                  451684 bytes
Variable Size            201326592 bytes Database Buffers          33554432 bytes Redo Buffers                667648 bytes Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

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