英语知识点:可数名词及其单复数
可数名词:是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。
1、可数名词复数的规则变化:
情况 | 构成方法 | 读音 | 例词 |
一般情况 | 加 –s | 1.清辅音后读/s/; | map-maps |
2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/; | bag-bags | ||
car-cars | |||
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 | 加 -es | 读 /iz/ | bus-buses |
watch-watches | |||
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾 | 加 -s | 读 /iz/ | license-licenses |
的词 | |||
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 | 变y 为i再加es | 读 /z/ | baby-babies |
另外:
1)以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:
如:two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较:层楼:storey---storeys story---stories
2)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes
3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
c. 均可,如:handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
2、可数名词复数的不规则变化:
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形 如:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如:staff people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a staff a people,a police,a cattle,
但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the
Japanese, the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4)以s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes ;
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
3、复合名词的复数形式:名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
1)用复数作定语。
radio的复数形式如:sports meeting 运动会
students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌
the foreign languages department 外语系
2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
如:men workers
women teachers
gentlemen officials
3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。
如:goods train (货车)
arms produce 武器生产
customs papers 海关文件
clothes brush衣刷
4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋)
a ten-mile walk 十里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树
a five-year plan 一个五年计划
4、不同国籍人的单复数:
国籍 | 总称(谓语用复数) | 单数 | 复数 |
中国人 | the Chinese | a Chinese | two Chinese |
瑞士人 | the Swiss | a Swiss | two Swiss |
澳大利亚人 | the Australians | an Australian | two Australians |
俄国人 | the Russians | a Russian | two Russians |
意大利人 | the Italians | an Italian | two Italians |
希腊人 | the Greek | a Greek | two Greeks |
法国人 | the French | a Frenchman | two Frenchmen |
日本人 | the Japanese | a Japanese | two Japanese |
美国人 | the Americans | an American | two Americans |
印度人 | the Indians | an Indian | two Indians |
加拿大人 | the Canadians | a Canadian | two Canadians |
德国人 | the Germans | a German | two Germans |
英国人 | the English | an Englishman | two Englishmen |
瑞典人 | the Swedish | a Swede | two Swedes |
名词专项练习(一)
一.可数名词的复数规则变化
1. map__________ girl__________ pen__________ bag_____ car__________
2. bus__________ brush__________ watch__________ box__________
3. baby__________ city__________ country__________
4. hero________ potato _________ zoo_______ tomato_________ photo________
5. knife__________ leaf_______ wolf________ wife__________ life__________
二.可数名词复数不规则变化
6. child _________foot__________ tooth__________ mouse________ man______
7. German__________ Englishman__________ Chinese_________
8. deer__________ sheep__________ yuan __________
名词专项练习(二)
1. There are two__________ over there. (watch)
2. I like taking __________. (photo)
3. l can see a __________and two __________ standing there. (man, woman)
4. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)
5. Look at those__________. (child)
6. He doesn't like these__________. (glass)
7. How many __________can you see? (radio)
8. There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now. (woman)
9. Give me some __________, please. (water)
名词专项练习(三)
1. ----What are these? --They are __________.
A. deers B. radios C. atos
2. How many __________ are there in these __________?
A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos
C. tomatoes, photoes D.potatos,photoes
3. Mr. Chen has two __________.
A. tooths B. teeth C. hes
4. Here are __________ for you, Sue.
A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato
5. Then the __________ began to eat the green __________ of young trees.
A. deer, leafs B. deer, leaves C. deer, leaf D. deers, leafs
6. The delicious dishes are cooked by __________.
A. women cookers B. women cooks C .woman cooks D. woman cookers
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