名词变复数规则变化
1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如 map→maps, bag→bags 等; 2.以 s, sh, ch, x 等结尾的词加“es”,如 bus→buses, watch→watches 等; 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i 加 es,如 baby→babies 等;以元音字母+ y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加 s 变复数,如 monkey→monkeys, holiday→holidays, storey→storeys 楼层) ( ; 4.以 o 结尾的名词变复数时: a) s 的名词有: 加 photo→photos , piano→pianos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos b)加 es 的名词有: potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 5.以 f 或radio的复数形式 fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a)加 s 的名词有: belief→beliefs roof→roofs safe→safes gulf→gulfs b)去掉 f, fe 加 ves 的名词有: half→halves knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves 一、 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式, 是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以 s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。 读音变化:统一加读[iz]。 例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes box →boxes; watch →w
atches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach(长途车) →coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress(女侍 者) →waitresses 三、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词,将 y 改变为 i,再加-es。 读音变化:加读[z]。 例:candy→candies; daisy(雏菊)→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities 四、以-o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则 加-s 构成复数。 (有生命的加 es,无生命的加 s) 读音变化:加读[z]。 例: tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo()→torpedoes; bingo(式游戏)→bingoes 反例: (青贮塔) silo →silos; piano→pianos 外来词) photo→photos; ( ; macro(宏指令,计机算语言)→macros(缩写词) 五、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,多为将-f 或-fe 改变为-ves,但有例 外。 读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff(员工)→staves; scarf(围巾)→scarves 目前搜集的直接加 s:roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾)-gulfs, serf(农奴)-serfs, safe-safes,chief(负责人)-chiefs 这几个可变可不变: scarf-scarfs,handkerchief- handkerchiefs 六、以-us 结尾的名词(
多为外来词),通常将-us 改变为-i 构成 复数。 读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改 读为[dVai]。 例:fungus(真菌)→fungi; abacus(算盘)→abaci; focus(焦点) →foci; cactus 仙人掌) ( →cacti; cestus 拳击用的牛皮手套) ( →cesti 七、以-is 结尾的名词,通常将-is 改变为-es。 读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。 例:axis(轴线)→axes; basis→bases; naris(鼻孔)→nares; hypothesis(假设)→hypotheses; restis(索状体)→restes 名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词, 故复数形式为 Germans;Bowman 是姓,其复数是 the Bowmans。 2)单复同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the S
wiss 等名词,表示国民 总称时,作复数用。 如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢 的。 4)以 s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945 年组建 起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单 数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如: goods 货物,waters 水域,fishes(各种)鱼 名词练习题——小学 一、把下列各词变成复数形式: 1、hero______ 2、potato______ 3、match______ 4、boy______ 5、city______ 6、kangaroo______ 7、radio______ 8、zoo______ 9、photo______ 10、leaf______ 11、knife______ 12、scarf______ 13、 mouth______ 14、 man______ 15、 foot______ 16、 tooth______ 17、child______ 18、mouse______ 19、Frenchman______ 20、 Chinese______ 21、sheep______ 22、fish______ 23、
glass______ 24、German______ 二、选择填空: 1.They are____ A:man doctor B:men doctors C:men doctor D:man doctors 2.There are five____in the hill. A:sheep B:sheeps C: goose D:deers 3. Those white socks____small. A:are B:is C: am D:do 4.We have many____in our school. A:woman teacher B:women teachers C: woman teachers D:women teacher 5.Do you like____? A:vegetable B: vegetables C:an vegetable 6.How many____do they have? A:picture B: pictures C:a picture 7.There are six___in the room. A:volleyball B:Volleyballs C:a volleyball D:volleyballs 8.There is ____in our room. A:a picture and five maps B:five maps and a picture C:two pictures and five maps D: two picture and five map 9.It is ____. A:milk B:a milk C:an molk D:milks 10.It’s a____.It isn’t an____. A:apple, egg B;cake,egg C:egg,orange, D:egg,cake 11.Tom and Jim are___. A:friends B:friend C:brother D:sister 12.Where are his____?___the dresser. A:keys ,They are on B:key, They are on C:keys, It is at D:key,It is in 13.How much are the ____? A:bread B:potatos C:apples D:water 14.How many____ are there? A:baby cat B:babies cat C:babies cats D:baby cats 15.She is a____. A:policeman B:policemen C:policewom
an D:policewomen 16.There is____ water in the bottle. A:few B:a few C:plenty of D:any 三、将以下单复数句进行转换: 1 This is a knife. 2 That is a tomato. ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 3 That child is very good._____________________________________ 4 These are mice. ______________________________________ 5 Those are children. ______________________________________
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