核心词汇词根词缀总结
(一)前缀
十大前缀:(前缀没有特别重要的含义,只是表示简单的方向感,类似汉语中的前、后、左、右等,放在单词之首,配合词根来表达单词的含义,常用的有九种)请根据大家非常熟悉的一个老单词,来学习一个你必须掌握的新的前缀,将原来对于某一个单词的感性认识升华到理性认识。
1.共:com‐(还有con/cor/col的版本), per‐(具体指:“每一个”或者“一直”的意思)举
例:
compose 组成,构成(com‐共同,pose‐摆放,往共同的地方摆放——组成、构成)  connect 联系(con‐共同,nect=neck‐脖子,相同的脖子,拥有同一个脖子的——连接、联系)  correct 正确的(cor‐全都,rect‐直立、直立着,全都是直立的——正确的)
accessible反义词前缀collect 收集,收藏(col‐全都,lect‐挑选,全挑过来,全选过来——收集、收藏、集中)  person 人(per‐每一个,son‐儿子,人是上帝的每一个儿子,每个人也都是上帝之子)  perfect 完美的(per‐每一个,fect‐做,制造,每一件事都做了——完美的)
2. 强:ad‐ (ap‐/ ac‐/ as‐)
accuse职责,指控(ac‐加强,cuse诅咒,心中的职责加强了——指责,指控)
associate联系,社交(as‐加强,soci社会,加强社会性的动作——联系,社交)
3.分:dis‐(常指一分为多),se‐(常指一分为二);举例:
display 展览,陈列(dis‐分着,play‐播放、展示,分着展示——展览,陈列)
separate 分开(se‐分,par=pair‐一对、一双,ate‐动词后缀——把一对儿分开——分开,隔离)
4.前:pre‐(在…之前),pro‐(向…前);举例:
preface封面(pre‐前,face‐脸、面,在前面的脸——封面)
progress前进,进步(pro‐往前,gress‐前进,往前前进——前进,进步)
5.上:sur‐(超,过);举例:
surpass 超过,超越(sur‐超,pass过——超过、超越)
6.下:sub‐(常指往...下),de‐(常指在...下);举例:
subway 地下铁、地道(sub‐下面,way‐路,下面的路——地下铁)
delay  延迟、耽误(de‐底下,lay‐放,往底下放——延迟,耽误)
7.不:a‐,ab‐, un‐,dis‐,im‐(还有in/il/ir的版本); 举例:
abound 丰富,大量(a‐不,bound‐板子,边界——无边无界、一望无垠,丰富,富饶) about 关注、关于、大约(ab‐不,out‐出去、离开,不出去,不离开——关注、关于、大约)  unhappy 不高兴(un‐不,happy‐高兴——不高兴)
dislike 不喜欢(dis‐不,like‐喜欢——不喜欢)
immediately 立即地,直接地(im‐不要,med‐中间、中间环节,iately‐复合的后缀,不要中间环节、一步到位——立即地,直接的)
incorrect 不正确的(in‐不,correct‐正确的——不正确的)
illegal 不合法的(il‐不,leg‐词根:law, al‐的——非法的)
irregular 不规则的(ir‐不,regular‐规则的)
8.内: in‐(常指在...里,也有im/il的版本);
举例:
inside 在里面(in‐在里,side‐边、侧)
import 进口 (im‐进入 ,port‐港口)
illuminate 照明(il‐进入,lumin‐词根:光,ate‐动词后缀,进入灯光——照明)
9.外:ex‐,e‐,es‐;  举例:
exit 出口、门(ex‐往外,it‐后缀,往外出的地方——出口、门)
elect 选举(e‐往外,lect‐挑选,往外挑选出来——选举)
essay 散文、随笔(es‐往外,say‐说,随口而说——散文,随笔)
10.反:re‐(有反复、返回两个意思), op‐(相对的);  举例:
return返回(re‐往回,turn‐转,往回转——返回)
oppose对抗(op‐相对,pose‐摆放——在相对的位置摆放——对抗)
(二)后缀
三种后缀:(后缀更是没有任何实在的含义,只是表示整个单词的词性,类似汉语中的“的、地、得”等,放在单词之后,配合词根和前缀来完成整个单词,常用的具备表示单词词性的后缀有三种)
1.动词后缀:‐ate, ‐ify,  ‐ise(‐ize), ‐ish. 举例:
dictate 独裁,使…听写(dict‐词根:说。“独裁”和“使…听写”的核心含义就是“说”,ate 无非是整个单词中表示词性的成分。)
rectify 纠正(rect‐词根:直。ify也是一个动词后缀,相当于汉语中的“化”,比如“绿化”、“净化”、“美化”等等后面的“化”字,是一个将形容词转化成动词的符号。)  advertise 做广告(本词上文曾经讲解过。)
finish 完成(fine‐词根:终止。比如:final‐最后的,al‐形容词后缀;finish‐完成,ish‐动词后缀。)
2.名词后缀:‐a, ‐ar, ‐ary, ‐age, ‐ance, ‐ancy, ‐ant, 举例:
panda  熊猫(pand‐词根:膨胀。)
scar  刀疤(sc‐词根:雕刻,切割)
salary 薪水(sal=salt‐盐,古罗马士兵发盐作为军饷。)
page  一张(辅音字母“p”有强烈的“成张、成片”的含义。)
servant 奴仆(serve‐服务 +ant‐的人 =servant‐奴仆)
‐ent, ‐ence, ‐ency, ‐er, ‐el, ‐le, 举例:
student 学生(study +ent)
fence  击剑、篱笆(f‐像竖立的剑的形状)
tendency 趋势、趋向(tend‐词根:延伸,伸长)
teacher 教师(teach‐教,讲)
panel 仪表盘、面板(pan‐词根:盘子)
angle 角度(ang‐词根:角度)
‐ice, ‐icy, ‐ity, ‐ine, ‐ion,举例:
police 警察(pole‐杆子,柱子)
policy 政策、方针 city 城市
line 线  nation 国家(nat‐词根:生)
‐or,‐ory,  举例:
tailor 裁缝(tail‐词根:尾巴,剪刀)
story 故事 (st‐词根:站着,停留,陈旧的)
‐us, ‐ue, ‐um, ‐ute  举例:
campus校园  (camp‐词根:田野)
dialogue对话 (dia‐对、彼此,log‐说)
museum体育馆 (muse‐词根:艺术,艺术品)
minute分钟  (mini‐词根:小,细小的)
3.形容词后缀:‐al,‐ial, ‐ual, ‐ant, ‐ent, ‐ive, ‐ite, ‐ile, ‐ic, ‐id,‐ous, ‐ious, ‐uous举例:
normal 正常的(norm‐标准)
social 社会的(soc‐词根:社会)
actual 现实的、现场的 (act‐行动,动起来的)
giant 巨大的  (g‐大、广)
deficient  不足的、不够的(de‐低,fic‐做、制造,ient‐的)
native 本地的,本国的(nat‐词根:生、长)
polite  文明的、礼貌的(pole‐杆子,柱子)
missile 发射的、投射的(miss‐词根:投,掷,抛,投)
panic恐慌的(Pan‐森林之神)
rigid 僵直的、刻板的(rig‐词根:直)
suspicious  怀疑的(su‐底下,spic‐看,ious‐的:在底下偷偷看某人,就是“怀疑的”。) conspicuous  有目共睹的(con‐共同,spic‐看,uous‐的,大家都看的,有目共睹的) (三)词根
pos = put 放置
pose, position, expose, exposure, compose, composition, propose, proposal, oppose,
opposition, impose, dispose, disposal, preposition
tract = draw 拉,抽,引
tractor, attract, attraction, attractive, distract, subtract, contract, abstract, drag, draw, straight, straighten, stretch
sec, sequ = follow 跟随
second, secondary, sequence, subsequent, consequence, consequently
vid, vis, vey, vy = see 看
visible, vision, visibility, invisible, visual, video, videophone, revise, revision, supervise, supervision, evident, evidence, visit
spect=look 看
spectator, spectacle, spectacular, prospect, inspect, inspection, expect, expectation, respect,
respectable, respectful, respective, respected, suspect, suspicion, specific, despite
mob, mov, mot = move动
mobile, mobility, mobilize, automobile, motion, motive, motivate, motivation, motor, move, promote, promotion, emote, remote
ced, ceed, cess , gress = go, walk 行走
precede, proceed, procedure, process, exceed, excess, excessive, succeed, success, successful, succession, successive, successor, access, accessible, progress, congress, regress, aggressive
rupt=break破
bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt, disrupt, erupt
mini, min = small, little 小
miniskirt, minimize, minimum, minus, minute, minority, diminish
scrib, scrip 写,记,抄
describe, description, script, manuscript, prescribe, prescription
dict, dic = say 言,说
diction, dictionary, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, predict, prediction, predictable, indicate, verdict
miss, mit = send 投,送,发
mission, missile, dismiss, dismissal, transmit, transmission, emit, emission, promise, compromise, committee, commission
port = carry 拿,带,运
portable, import, export, transport, report, support
leg, legis 法
legal, legalize, illegal, legislate, legislation, legislature
solu, solv 洗,溶解
solution, solve, resolve, resolution, dissolve
press 压
impress, impression, express, suppress, depress
viv, vit=live活:
live, living, lively, survive, livelihood, alive, revive, vivid, vital, vitamin
count=number:
account, accountant, discount, number, numeral, numerous, innumerable
ag=act 行动,做:
action, exactly, react, interact, transact, radioactive, agent, agenda, agency,
fac(t)=make做,作,制造:
facility, factory, faculty, affect, defect, infect, perfect, efficient, fiction, artificial, proficiency, feasible
sign=mark记号,信号:
remark, signal, signature, design, designate, significance, resign
du, doub, coup=two二:
dual, double, doubtful, couple, dubious, duplicate, dual
spher=ball球:
balloon, ballot, hemisphere, atmosphere
popul, publ=people人:
popular, public, publicity, republic, publish, republican, population,
men, min=mind心灵,精神:
mind, remind, mention, mental, comment, memory, memorial, remember, commemorate struct=build建造:
construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy
fund, found=base基础:
basement, basis, foundation, profound, fund, refund, fundamental
part=divide分,分开:
dividend, individual, particle, participate, particular, partner, apart, counterpart, depart, impartial, department, party, apartment, compartment
pend,pens‐hang悬挂:
dependent, independence, append, appendix, suspend, pension
duc(t)=lead引导:
conduct, deduct, misconduct, educate, induce, introduce, produce, reduce,
oper=work工作:
operate, cooperate, opera
ven,vent=come来:
venture, adventure, avenue, convention, invent, eventually, prevent, intervene
voc,vok=claim呼喊,叫喊,声音:
proclaim, reclaim, exclaim, advocate, provoke, vocal, voice,
sect=cut切,割:
section, segment, intersection, sector
grat, grac, gree=please高兴,感激:
grace, grateful, gratitude, congratulation, agree, agreeable, greet, pleasure, pleasant, disagree
vail, val=worth价值:
worth, worthy, worthwhile, available, prevail, value, valid, validity, valve, evaluate, equivalent
pel, peal, puls=drive驱动:
appeal, compel, compulsion, compulsory, propel, pulse, impulse

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