高考英语语法填考点整理  ✪语法填空做题技巧 ✪   
一.考点整理
考点一.确定填冠词的方法
1.用定冠词the的常考点
(1)特指某人或某事,常翻译为“这个”;
(2)用在序数词或最高级前或用于only,very,same等词前;
(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前;
(4)用在乐器名词前;
(5)和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。
(6)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
2.用不定冠词a/an的常考点
(1)泛指一类人与物,表示概念“一个”;
(2)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
3.固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前填冠词
(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:at the same time,on the contrary,to tell the truth,in the distance,make the most/best of,on the spot等。
(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:catch a cold,have a fever,all of a sudden,as a matter of fact,as a result,have a gift for,make a living,have/take a rest,give sb a lift,have a good knowledge of等。
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位
(4)抽象名词具体化
抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考到的有:surprise,pleasure,comfort,danger,success,failure,beauty等。
考点二.确定填介词的方法
1.介词多义看语境
(1)in表示情况、状态,意为“处在……中”;表示手段、形式、方式,意为“以,用”;表示服饰,意为“穿着,戴着”;表示范围、领域,意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态,意为“带有,具有”;表示手段、方法,意为“以,用”;表示关系,意为“和……在一起”;表示伴随,意为“随着”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态,表示“被,由”;表示“用,靠,凭借”;表示乘用交通工具。
(4)for表示方向,意为“往,向”;表示对象,用途等,意为“为,给”;表示时间、距离、数量等,意为“计,达”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
(5)through表示位置,意为“穿过”;表示时间,意为“整个……”;表示手段、媒介,意为“依据,经由”。
2.依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配,如:remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”;rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”;go back to/date from“追溯至……”;“交换……”
(2)与名词或代词搭配,如:by accident“偶然”;by oneself“靠自己”
(3)与形容词搭配,如:be curious about“对……感到好奇”;be proud of“因……而自豪”
考点三、确定填代词的方法
当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括不定代词和it.
1. 常见考法
(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作主语,可根据代指的情况用he,she或者it。
(2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作宾语,可根据代指的情况用him,her或者it。
(3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作主语,填they。
(4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作宾语,填them。
2.it的用法
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。
(2)代替上文提到过的事物。
(3)代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。
(4)代替不定式、动名词或从句形式主语或形式宾语。
(5)it的常用固定句型
·It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他
·It+be+ adj.+of/for sb to do sth
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth
·It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.+
·It seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb+
·It is said/+
·It takes sb some time/money to do sth
·主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/+it+补语+to do
·主语+like/hate/+it+从句
考点四、确定填连词或引导词的方法
一、并列连词——关系分析法+句型法
1.关系分析法
分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有:and,,but (also)...等。
(2)表示选择关系的有:or,,等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有:but,while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有:so,for等。
I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over.
2.句型法
(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句
(2)
Please send us postcards and we’ll know where you have visited.
We were having a heated discussion when there was a failure power.
考点五、定语从句的关系词确定
1.确定是定语从句
设空处无提示词,而设空前的主句完整;设空后的句子不完整,且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2.解题技巧
(1)分清限制与非限制
在先行词的后面出现逗号的,是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容,which意为“这一点”。
③as引导非限制性定语从句,可置句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen,be known,be reported,be mentioned,be said,be often the case等。
The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.accessible反义词前缀
The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.
Just as the saying goes,“One tree doesn’t make a forest.”正如谚语所说:“独木不成林”。
(2)寻先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表时间,地点,还是原因)
①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;
②先行词指物:that/which/whose等;
③表时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。
The annual campus bookfair aims to provide a platform where students can have a chance to exchange and make use of their books.
Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
(3)判断所缺成分,确定关系词
①缺少主语:that/which/who;
②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;
③缺少介词的宾语:whom/which;
④缺少定语:whose;
⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语:分别用when,where,why。
Many traditional arts are losing nowadays,some of which are being replaced by modern products.
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.
Kate,whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.
[核心提示] 
(1)不能忘记“介词+关系代词”的使用3规则
构成
用法
介词(短语)+which/whom
介词提前时,指物只能用which,指人只能用whom
数词/形容词最高级/不定代词+of+which/whom
表示部分与整体的关系
the+名词+of+which/whom
表示所属关系,可转化为“whose+名词”
(2)注意并列句和定语从句的区别
[辨析1]
①They live in a small house, in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.①which
②They live in a small house,and in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.②it
[辨析2]
①The old man has three sons,none of ____________ is a doctor.①whom
②The old man has three sons,but none of ____________ is a doctor.②them
考点六、名词性从句引导词确定
名词性从句主句必修不完整。
方向1:不缺任何成分,且引导词无意义,常用that引导名词性从句
That you didn’t know the rules won’t be an excuse for your failure.
②When the news came that the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.
方向2:不缺任何成分,且引导词表示“是否”,常用whether引导名词性从句,其中if可以用于宾语从句
①He asked her the question whether they can be friends.
②I didn’t know whether/if he would attend the concert.
方向3:缺少主/宾/表语,用连接代词(which,what,who等)
①When you are reading,make a note of what you think is of great importance.
②When opportunity knocks,please answer the door.Don’t keep asking who it is.
方向4:缺少状语,用连接副词(where,when,why,how) 等
①I have no idea when he will come back home.
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
方向5:it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记
It is announced in today’s newspaper that the president will pay a visit to China next week.
②I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
考点七、根据句意及固定句式定确定状语从句引导词
1.句意法确定状语从句引导词
(1)while/when/as/since引导的时间状语从句
(2)before/after引导的时间状语从句
(3)if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句
(4)though/although引导的让步状语从句
(5)when/where引导的时间、地点状语从句
When he knocked at the door,I was working at the table.
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
She says that she’ll have to close the shop unless business improves.
2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词
(1)连词before的意义及句型
·It will be+一段时间+表示“多久以后才……”
·It won’t be+一段时间+表示“用不了多久就会……”
It won’t be long before we know the result of the experiment.
(2)连词since的意义及句型
It is some time (一段时间)+since引导的时间状语从句
=It has been some time (一段时间)+since引导的时间状语从句。该固定句型意思是“自从……以来已经多长时间了”
As is reported,it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
( (not)...“无论……还是……”,引导让步状语从句
Whether you believe it or not,it’s true.

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。