高考英语语法填考点整理 ✪语法填空做题技巧 ✪
一.考点整理
考点一.确定填冠词的方法
1.用定冠词the的常考点 (1)特指某人或某事,常翻译为“这个”; (2)用在序数词或最高级前或用于only,very,same等词前; (3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前; (4)用在乐器名词前; (5)和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。 (6)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。 2.用不定冠词a/an的常考点 (1)泛指一类人与物,表示概念“一个”; (2)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。 3.固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前填冠词 (1)定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:at the same time,on the contrary,to tell the truth,in the distance,make the most/best of,on the spot等。 (2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:catch a cold,have a fever,all of a sudden,as a matter of fact,as a result,have a gift for,make a living,have/take a rest,give sb a lift,have a good knowledge of等。 (3)动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位 (4)抽象名词具体化 抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考到的有:surprise,pleasure,comfort,danger,success,failure,beauty等。 |
考点二.确定填介词的方法
1.介词多义看语境 (1)in表示情况、状态,意为“处在……中”;表示手段、形式、方式,意为“以,用”;表示服饰,意为“穿着,戴着”;表示范围、领域,意为“在……方面”。 (2)with表示状态,意为“带有,具有”;表示手段、方法,意为“以,用”;表示关系,意为“和……在一起”;表示伴随,意为“随着”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。 (3)by用于被动语态,表示“被,由”;表示“用,靠,凭借”;表示乘用交通工具。 (4)for表示方向,意为“往,向”;表示对象,用途等,意为“为,给”;表示时间、距离、数量等,意为“计,达”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。 (5)through表示位置,意为“穿过”;表示时间,意为“整个……”;表示手段、媒介,意为“依据,经由”。 2.依据句式和搭配填介词 (1)与动词搭配,如:remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”;rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”;go back to/date from“追溯至……”;“交换……” (2)与名词或代词搭配,如:by accident“偶然”;by oneself“靠自己” (3)与形容词搭配,如:be curious about“对……感到好奇”;be proud of“因……而自豪” |
考点三、确定填代词的方法
当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括不定代词和it. 1. 常见考法 (1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作主语,可根据代指的情况用he,she或者it。 (2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作宾语,可根据代指的情况用him,her或者it。 (3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作主语,填they。 (4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作宾语,填them。 2.it的用法 (1)指代天气、时间、距离等。 (2)代替上文提到过的事物。 (3)代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。 (4)代替不定式、动名词或从句形式主语或形式宾语。 (5)it的常用固定句型 ·It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他 ·It+be+ adj.+of/for sb to do sth ·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth ·It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.+ ·It seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb+ ·It is said/+ ·It takes sb some time/money to do sth ·主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/+it+补语+to do ·主语+like/hate/+it+从句 |
考点四、确定填连词或引导词的方法
一、并列连词——关系分析法+句型法 1.关系分析法 分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。 (1)表示并列或递进关系的有:and,,but (also)...等。 (2)表示选择关系的有:or,,等。 (3)表示转折或对比关系的有:but,while等。 (4)表示因果关系的有:so,for等。 I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didn’t want to spend all day with her. It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over. 2.句型法 (1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句 (2) Please send us postcards and we’ll know where you have visited. We were having a heated discussion when there was a failure power. |
考点五、定语从句的关系词确定
1.确定是定语从句 设空处无提示词,而设空前的主句完整;设空后的句子不完整,且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2.解题技巧 (1)分清限制与非限制 在先行词的后面出现逗号的,是非限制性定语从句。 ①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容,which意为“这一点”。 ③as引导非限制性定语从句,可置句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen,be known,be reported,be mentioned,be said,be often the case等。 The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.accessible反义词前缀 The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much. Just as the saying goes,“One tree doesn’t make a forest.”正如谚语所说:“独木不成林”。 (2)寻先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表时间,地点,还是原因) ①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose; ②先行词指物:that/which/whose等; ③表时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。 The annual campus bookfair aims to provide a platform where students can have a chance to exchange and make use of their books. Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (3)判断所缺成分,确定关系词 ①缺少主语:that/which/who; ②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom; ③缺少介词的宾语:whom/which; ④缺少定语:whose; ⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语:分别用when,where,why。 Many traditional arts are losing nowadays,some of which are being replaced by modern products. The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies. Kate,whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia. [核心提示] (1)不能忘记“介词+关系代词”的使用3规则
(2)注意并列句和定语从句的区别 [辨析1] ①They live in a small house, in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.①which ②They live in a small house,and in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.②it [辨析2] ①The old man has three sons,none of ____________ is a doctor.①whom ②The old man has three sons,but none of ____________ is a doctor.②them | ||||||||||
考点六、名词性从句引导词确定
名词性从句主句必修不完整。
方向1:不缺任何成分,且引导词无意义,常用that引导名词性从句 | ①That you didn’t know the rules won’t be an excuse for your failure. ②When the news came that the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army. |
方向2:不缺任何成分,且引导词表示“是否”,常用whether引导名词性从句,其中if可以用于宾语从句 | ①He asked her the question whether they can be friends. ②I didn’t know whether/if he would attend the concert. |
方向3:缺少主/宾/表语,用连接代词(which,what,who等) | ①When you are reading,make a note of what you think is of great importance. ②When opportunity knocks,please answer the door.Don’t keep asking who it is. |
方向4:缺少状语,用连接副词(where,when,why,how) 等 | ①I have no idea when he will come back home. ②How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. |
方向5:it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记 | ①It is announced in today’s newspaper that the president will pay a visit to China next week. ②I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. |
考点七、根据句意及固定句式定确定状语从句引导词
1.句意法确定状语从句引导词 (1)while/when/as/since引导的时间状语从句 (2)before/after引导的时间状语从句 (3)if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句 (4)though/although引导的让步状语从句 (5)when/where引导的时间、地点状语从句 When he knocked at the door,I was working at the table. A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. She says that she’ll have to close the shop unless business improves. 2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词 (1)连词before的意义及句型 ·It will be+一段时间+表示“多久以后才……” ·It won’t be+一段时间+表示“用不了多久就会……” It won’t be long before we know the result of the experiment. (2)连词since的意义及句型 It is some time (一段时间)+since引导的时间状语从句 =It has been some time (一段时间)+since引导的时间状语从句。该固定句型意思是“自从……以来已经多长时间了” As is reported,it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. ( (not)...“无论……还是……”,引导让步状语从句 Whether you believe it or not,it’s true. |
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论