考点12 词汇填空（核心考点精讲精练）
近年真题考点分布
年份
词汇填空
2022上海秋考
名词考查5；动词考查2；形容词考查2；其中构词法1
2022上海春考
名词考查4；动词考查3；形容词考查3；其中构词法1
2021上海秋考
名词考查2；动词考查5；形容词考查3；其中构词法2；分词2
2021上海春考
名词考查2；动词考查6；形容词考查2；其中构词法2；分词2
2020上海秋考
名词考查3；动词考查5；形容词考查2；其中构词法3
2020上海春考
名词考查3；动词考查3；形容词考查2；副词考查2；其中构词法1
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】
词性考察
考点分析
做题技巧
名词
1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语
2、注意名词也可作前置定语
1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。
2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。
3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。
4、根据文章理解确定答案。
5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。
动词
do/does形式：
1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断
2、注意三单和动词及物不及物
doing形式：
1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态
2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语
3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况
done形式：
1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词
2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词
3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等
形容词
单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语
副词
句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末
解题思路一：名词的确定
动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例：
（2022·上海宝山二模）
A. convinced  B. healing  C. features  D. bend        E. announced  F. excitement
G. relaxed    H. initially  I. reliable    J. particularly  K. character
Disney parks and movies never fail to capture my imagination! I was a child when I first experienced the Jungle Cruise ride at Disneyland. The boat and the scenery looked so real! I expected danger and excitement around every accessible的固定短语___31___ of the river.
Dwayne Johnson plays Frank, a riverboat captain who knows the river better than anyone else. Emily Blunt’s ___37___, Lily, is a scientist. She’s in search of a tree that is widely believed to possess ___38___ powers.
I can’t wait to experience the adventure of watching Disney’s long-awaited Jungle Cruise. Watching it in theaters will bring me back to the ____40____ of visiting Disneyland as a child.
解题思路二：动词的确定
动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例：
（2023·上海奉贤二模）
A. lonely    B. convey    C. touches    D. inconvenience    E. widely    F. accompanying
G. composition    H. captures    I. abandon    J. sensory    K. wearing   
Early on he found that paint laid on with painting knives gave him the particular body and texture (质地) he wanted to ____12____ his subjects. The knife is capable of an enormous variety of marks, from delicate ____13____ to fierce sweeping and slices of paint. The knife’s sharp edged marks create their own dynamic of light and shade. Alan possesses many painting knives of different sizes, but tends to favour three or four, which are now ____14____thin with constant use. He is still discovering new possibilities with the knife, driven by the demands of a new subject. Although Alan’s paintings are made in the studio, they are all composed from drawings made outdoors. These drawings are the seed corn on which all his paintings are based. The marks that go down on paper make sure he ____15____not just the actual scene but also the changing light, the direction of the wind and the ____16____ sounds and smells.
解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定
非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。
有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例：
（2023·上海松江二模）
A. dismissed    B. faintly    C. foreign    D. granted  E. journeyed    F. mysterious    G. overlook    H. promise      I reflection    J. typically    K. version   
Long ___33___ as a common field flower, unworthy of serious attention by the artist, poet or gardener, the daffodil enjoyed a revival thanks in part to Wordsworth’s poem. Today, it’s easy to ____34____ the daffodil for we can find it almost everywhere, in gardens or in art.
解题思路四：形容词的确定
形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例：
（2023·上海虹口二模）
A. accessible  B. criterion  C. concentrate  D. reduced    E. evolved    F. explore
G. host        H. interact    I. restorative    J. stimulation  K. verbalize
Supporting this theory, one study found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were better able to ____13____ following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being exposed to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses (剂量) of nature” as a safe and ____14____ way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
Besides these ____15____ effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, playing with mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement ____16____, which allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. A child may find it easier to build up strength and endurance in a large open space resulting in a(n) ____19____ risk of overweight, according to one study led by Elizabeth Gershoff, professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, US.
解题思路五：副词的确定
副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等；
（2023·上海普陀二模）
A. generated    B. mechanically    C. partnership    D. reforming    E. powered
F. efficiency    G. growing    H. greatly    I. sustainable    J. revolutionize    K. emissions

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