International Marketing Terms Defination Defination
1.Define the following terms:
international marketing P9
register的名词International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company's goods and service to Consumer or users in more than one nation for a profit.
controllable/uncontrollable elements P10
The elements of business environment which under/beyond the the control of companies.
domestic/foreign uncontrollables P11
Aspects of the domestic/foreign environment that are beyond the control of companies
SRC Self-Reference Criterion P14
An unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for dec
ision.
Ethnocentrism P14
The notion that people in one’s own company, culture, or country knows best how to do things.
Global Awareness P16
Tolerance of cultural difference and knowledge of cultures, history, world market potential, and global economic, social, and political trends.
2.Define
GA TT P27
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: (1) trade shall be conducted on a
non-discriminatory Basis; (2) protection shall be afforded domestic industries through customs tariffs, not through such commercial measures as import quotas;
(3) consultation shall be the primary method used to solve global trade problems.
WTO P28
World Trade Organization
IMF P30
International Monetary Fund: Stabilize foreign exchange rates, facilitate the expansion and balance growth of international trade.
EMU P36
Economic and Monetary Union: A provision of the Maastricht Treaty, established the parameters of the creation of a common currency for the EU, the euro,and established a timetable for its implemention.
NAFTA P39
North American Free Trade Agreement: Market access, Nontariff barriers, Rules of origin,Customs administration, Investment, Service, Intellectual
property,Government property, Government procurement, Standards.
ASEAN + 3 P42
Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus China, Japan, and South Korea: To deal with trade and monetary issues facing Asia.
APEC P42
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: is a forum, far from being a free trade area.Common goals as to open trade, to increase economic collaboration, to sustain regional growth and development,to strengthen the multilateral trading system and to reduce barriers to investment and trade without detriment to other economics. BEMs P49
big emerging markets: A small core of countries that account for more than half of the world trade growth over the next two decades, these country are identified as BEMs. See their important traits at Page 49, 50.
BOPMs P48
Bottom-of-the-pyramid market: A new concept introduced into the discussion of developing countries and markets. They are not defined by national borders but rather by the pockets of poverty across co
untries.
3.Define the following terms:
Manifest Destiny P62
Basis of U.S. Foreign policy: Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society. More superficially, it referred to the territorial expansion of the U.S. from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Monroe Doctrine P62
A cornerstone of early U.S. Foreign policy, proclaiming three basic dicta: no further European colonization in the New world, abstention of the Unite States from European political affairs, and nonintervention of European governments in the governments of the Western Hemisphere.
Roosevelt Corollary P62
Monroe Doctrine with an extension applied by Roosevelt: Not only would the U.S. Prohibit non-American intervention in Latin American affairs, but it would also police the area and guarantee that Latin American nations met their international obligations.
Sustainable development P68
A joined approach among those (governments),businesses, environmentalists, and the others) who seek economic growth with "wise resource management, equitable distribution of benefits and reduction of negative efforts on people and the environments from the process of economic grows"
4.Define the following terms
culture P82
Culture is the human-made part of human environment----the sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. or P85 is the sum of the values, rituals,symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.
culture value P92
A culture's values are its ideas about what is good, right, fair, and just. See
P91—P92 how culture values influnence various types of business and market behavior comes from seminal work by Geert Hofstede.
culture sensitivity P98
Being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated.
linguistic distance P95
A new concept measuring the relationship between language diffence and transaction cost.
social insititutions P88
social institutions including family, religion, school, the media, governments,and corporations all effec the ways in which people relate to one another, organize their activities to live in harmony with one another, teache acceptable behaviour to succeeding generations, and govern themselves.
cultural borrowing P99
cultural borrowing is a responsible effort to learn from others’ cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society’s particular problems.
factual knowledge P98
A straightfoward fact about a culture but assumes additional significance when interpreted within the context of the culture.
Interpretive knowledge P98
The kind of knowledge most dependent on past experience for interpretation and most frequently prone to misintrepretation if one’s home country frame of reference (SRC) is used.
aesthetics P95
Arts, folklore, music, drama, dance, dress and cosmetics in a culture.
strategy of unplanned /planned cultural change P102
intoduce a productm and hope for the best / deliberately set out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals. strategy of cultural congruence P102
This strategy involvees marketting products similar to ones already on the market in a manner as congruent as possible with existing cultural norms, thereby minimizing resisitance.
5.Define the follwing terms
cultural imperatives P108
Cultural imperatives are the business customs and expectations that must be met and conformed to or avoid if relationship are to be successful.
cultural electives P109
cultural electives relates to areas of behaviour or to customs that cultural aliens may wish to conform to or participate in but that are not required.
cultural exclusives P109
Cultural exclusives are those customs or behaviour patterns reserved exclusively for the locals and from which the foreigner is barred.
FCPA P129
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
P-time / M-time P119

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