2023年高考北京卷英语阅读理解C篇解析讲义
In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.” Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.
A. draw a comparison
B. introduce a topic
C. evaluate a statement
D. highlight a problem
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Climate change has been forgotten.accessible是什么意思英语
B. Lessons of history are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
30. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
C Current policies facilitate future decision-making.
D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
文章分析
除了看不到的上海卷，剩下的2023年的几套高考英语试题中，只有新高考一卷D篇阅读理解能够和北京卷阅读理解的难度勉强接近，其它的文章难度要明显低一至两个档次。以这个C篇为例，其实主题就是“人们过于关注眼前的短视行为是个严重的问题”，但是用长度均等的四个大段落呈现出来，再加上若干复杂句和事例的包装，学生很容易就产生了“看不懂”的感觉。
但是你不能屈服于“看不懂”这三个字。你到底看不懂什么？你到底需要看什么？什么是解题需要的重要内容？这是一篇什么体裁的文章？作者写文章到底要说明什么？即便我不能准确理解文章里的某些词句，这些问题一定是我们可以回答的。
我们就来死磕一下这篇文章第一段，看看到底有多难。
第一段里共有三句话。最重要的是第一句，是所有研究者的共识；最不重要的是最后一句，是某专家的引用，第二句则是对第一句话的具体细节展开。
1. In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.近些年来，各个不同领域的研究者一致认为，短期主义目前是工业化社会的一个重大问题。
从关系词that的位置断出主从句，前面的“研究者一致认为”就是在提示你，这是研究者的共识，是文章结论性质的话语，需要重点关注。有的同学可能会想到，这不是即将被反驳的大众观点吗？如果真的是“大众”观点，当然会被反驳，但是这里是所有“研究者”的共同观点，作者再有本事，也不可能凭一己之力颠覆专业人士的共识，所以接下来的必然是重要结论。
重要信息：short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies短期主义目前是工业化社会的一个重大问题
你可以不认识short-termism，但是你必须知道，这件事有很大问题，作者对它持负态度，这
就够了。
2. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.不能关注长期的因果关系导致了一些全世界最严重的问题，如气候变化、生物多样性崩溃等等。
第二句的阅读直接考验的是你对句子主干的提取能力，这是我们在长难句分析中反复演练的技能，也是每个同学必须具备的基本素养。你要看懂的有三点：首先，句子里的谓语只有一个leads，主语是开头的the inability，to engage是非谓语，补充说明inability；其次，and后面是名词consequences，当然要并列的是前面的名词causes；最后，冒号后面的若干名词短语并列就是例子，解释说明前面的problems。以上这些，你能看出来吗？
句子主干：The inability leads to some of the world’s most serious problems 没有能力导致严重问题
非谓语补充：to engage with longer-term causes and consequences 没有能力干什么？没有能力关注长期因果
冒号解释说明：climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. 严重问题就是气候变化等等等
看完第二句以后，你会发现大概意思就是“不能长期……导致严重问题”，其实就是把第一句的“短期的某事是个大问题”重新说了一遍，第二句和第一句是一回事，是否能看懂根本没有影响。
3. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.历史学家弗朗西斯·科尔认为，西方世界已经进入了一个时期，在这个时期里“只有现在存在，而这个现在同时展示着瞬间的残酷性和无穷无尽的无聊”。
第三句是难度最高的，即便翻译成中文，我也不知道它在说什么。但是第三句作为引用，必然与前面的内容保持一致，同样是说“短期的某事是个大问题”，所以直接忽略就可以了。
读完第一段，抓住主题以后，三道题目都可以解决了。
解题思路
28题 主旨题
28题直接问到第一段引用的作用，比较容易排除的是A选项“做比较”和C选项“评价陈述”，因为它服务的前两句话既没有比较也没有陈述。有的同学会误选B选项“引出主题”，但是这段话是先有了主题，才有了引用，那么“引出主题”的顺序就错误了。如果把第三句引用放到第一句的位置，B选项才有正确的机会。

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