形容词、副词的基本用法
(一)形容词是表示事物特征和性质的词类,通常在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语等。
1.形容词主要在下列动词后作宾语补足语:
(1)表示感觉的动词,如:feel, find, see等。
She felt the palm of his hand wet with sweat.
她感觉他的手掌被汗水湿透了。
(2)表示致使的动词,如:get, have, leave, make, set, turn等。
He got his shoes and socks wet.
他把鞋袜都弄湿了。
2.形容词有时也可作状语表示伴随或结果,通常用来说明主语的情况,表示主语的状态、性质、特征等,并不表示动作的方式。
They started the experiment, hopeful for success.
他们开始作实验,相信一定会成功。
(二)副词表示动作、状态、特征等的性质(方式、程度、数量等),或指出动作和状态的发生或存在的状况,因此副词的语法意义是多样的,副词在句中主要作状语,也可作表语、定语、宾语补足语。
1.作状语是副词的主要句法功能,作状语时它修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。
He looked tired, so deathly tired.
他看起来累了,累得要死。
2.有些副词还可以作连词,作副词时常放在句末,有时也可位于句首或句中。
He is old. He works hard, though.
Though he is old, he works hard.
虽然他年事已高,但他工作还是很努力。
常见连接副词的用法:
连接副词
逻辑语义
意义
though
表转折
虽然,然而
yet
表转折
然而,可是
however
表转折(其后常用逗号)
然而,但是
instead
表转折或相反
相反,代替
otherwise
表转折
否则
besides
表递进
另外,而且
moreover
表递进
再说,而且
still
表递进
仍然,依然
therefore
表结果
因此
thus
表结果
因此
anyway
表让步
无论如何
3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。如:obviously, naturally, surprisingly等。
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军救了。
形容词、副词表示倍数的句型
1.A is (v.)+倍数+比较级+than+B
2.A is (v.)+倍数+as+原级+as+B
3.A is (v.)+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height 等)+of+B
4.A is (v.)+倍数+that+of+B
5.A is (v.)+倍数+as many/much+名词+as+B
6.A is (v.)+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句
This building is two times higher than that one.
=This building is three times as high as that one.
=This building is three times the height of that one.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
The output of this year is 3 times that of 2014.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2014.
今年的产量是2014年的三倍。
After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced twice as many cars in 2018 as the year before.
引进新技术后,这家工厂2018年生产的小汽车是去年的两倍。
The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
形容词、副词的比较等级
(一)形容词、副词的原级比较
1.as+形容词/副词原级+as”与“not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。
Actually, Jack is as old as Jim.accessible是什么意思英语
事实上,杰克和吉姆(年龄)一样大。
He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother.
他没有他弟弟跑得快。
2.当as...as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
Today is as busy a day as yesterday.
今天跟昨天一样忙。
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
亨利的书没有我的书多。
3.as+形容词原级+as+具体数字表示/深/…………”
The temperature here is as high as 39.
这里的气温高达39摄氏度。
(二)形容词、副词的比较级
1形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)规则变化
构成
例词
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节的词一般情况下直接加–er和–est
small
smaller
smallest
great
greater
greatest
hard
harder
hardest
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以–ble结尾的双音节词加–r和–st
nice
nicer
nicest
cute
cuter
cutest
able
abler
ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音的词,双写辅音字母后再加–er和–est
fat
fatter
fattest
thin
thinner
thinnest
hot
hotter
hottest
辅音字母+y结尾的词,先把y变为i再加–er和–est
easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest
early
earlier
earliest
少数以–er,–ow结尾的双音节词,加–er和–est
clever
cleverer
cleverest
narrow
narrower
narrowest
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most
careful
more careful
most careful
popular
more popular
most popular
efficiently
more efficiently
most efficiently
【提示】 (1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加–er和–est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common, handsome, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以–ow,–er结尾的词。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right(正确的), wrong(错误的), excellent(优秀的), possible(可能的), empty(空的)等。
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
2.形容词、副词比较级的用法
(1)比较级+……;han不如……”
Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.
在网上搜寻信息要比在图书馆里方便。
(2)比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。
—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.
——我不得不说这部电影真的没意思。
——为什么?它比我看过的所有电影都有意思。
(3)the+比较级,the+比较级……,越……”
The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient's chances.
病人越早接受,康复的可能性就越大。
(4)the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词(两者中)较……
Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机,我喜欢较小的一个,它容易携带。
三、形容词、副词的最高级
1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。
Bob's parents wanted him to have the best possible education.
鲍勃的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
2.最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far, nearly, almost等。
This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.
这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。
3.最高级含义的其他表达法。
(1)否定词语+比较级否定词语+as结构表示最高级含义。
—Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success?
—Yes, absolutely! It couldn't be better.
——你认为这届中国全运会成功吗?
——是的,绝对成功!没有比它更好的了。
(2)比较级形式表示最高级含义。
比较级+than+
Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
=Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
=Julia is the tallest girl in her class.

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