语法强化训练(八)　定语从句和名词性从句
基础达标
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, ________  has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】who　所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用who。
2．(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,  ________  it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.
【答案】where　所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示地点的the garden，故填where。
3．(2017·天津卷)My eldest son, ________  work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
【答案】whose　所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作work的定语，故用whose。
4．(2017·北京卷)The little problems  ________  we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
【答案】that/which　所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，先行词为The little problems，因此用that或which。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________  lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案】who　所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。
6．(2016·浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of  ________  has been proved.
【答案】which　句意：就人类为什么哭出眼泪，科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories，将先行词代入定语从句后为：None of the theories has been proved.，由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且介词of已被提前，故答案为which。
7．(2016·江苏卷)Many young people, most of  ________  were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
【答案】whom　句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young people，指人，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Most of the_young_people were well­educated.，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故答案为whom。
8．(2015·重庆卷)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of  ________  were published in the 1990s.
【答案】which　此题的先行词是children's books，指物，因此关系词用which。此处是“代词＋介词＋which”型的非限制性定语从句。
9．(2016·北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is  ________  one can be entirely free from dust.
【答案】that　本空需要连接词引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，也无任何意义，只起连接作用，故用that引导。
10．(2016·天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion  ________  we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
【答案】that　suggestion后是同位语从句，从句的结构和意义均完整，故用that引导。
11．(2017·天津卷)She asked me  ________  I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
【答案】if/whether　所填词引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”意义，故用if或whether。
12．(2017·北京卷)Every year,  ________  makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
【答案】whoever　句意：每年，无论是谁，只要制作出最美的风筝，他就会在风筝节上赢得奖品。分析句子结构可知，主语从句缺少主语，表示“无论是谁”，故填whoever。
13．(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing  ________  she was heading.
【答案】where　句意：Jane漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。此处应用where引导宾语从句。
14．(四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's  ________ I was born.”
【答案】where　句意：“那就是我出生的地方。”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
15．(2015·全国卷Ⅱregister的名词)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【答案】how　根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要多厚。故答案为how。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. ________
【答案】they→that/which　分析句子结构可知，things后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用that或which。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. ________
【答案】that→which　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代their garden，应用which。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. ________
【答案】that→where　宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. ________
【答案】how→what　从句中的do是及物动词，故应用连接代词what作动词do的宾语。
5．(2016·四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.________
【答案】what→that/which或去掉what　先行词dishes在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that或which引导，也可省略关系代词。
6．(全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.________
【答案】that→which　that不能引导非限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·广东七校联合体第二次联考)This woman has set a good example to her son，________ is a really lucky guy.
【答案】who　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为her son，故用who。

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