人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解
Units 1-2
1. doubt
doubt是高考中高频考查词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：①作动词时，若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句，通常用if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用that引导。
②doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that ...(毫无疑问）结构。2010年高考对doubt考查还将集中在其后跟从句时连接词选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。
2. expose
expose是新课标要求掌握单词，应重点掌握它义项及常见用法，特别是be exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语用法。另外，being exposed to结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。
预测2010年命题方向为exposed to 作状语和定语用法。
3. absorb
absorb是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于……)用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系be engaged in, be devoted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。
4. apart from
apart from是常见介词短语，意为“除……之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义词和短语：except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预测2010年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现在阅读理解题中。
5. available
available是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地模拟考试中出现频率极高，主要考点为：①词义(可得到，可用)。命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。②用法。be available to意为“可利用”，be available for意为“使……可以享受某物；使……买得起某物”, 要了解二者区别。预测2010年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。
6. consist of
consist of是近几年高考高频考查短语。①理解其词义“组成，构成”。②考查与其他近义词组用法异同点。如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达，不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。
7. break down
由break构成动词短语是历年高考命题重点。考生必须明确break down几个常见义项，根据不同语境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们常见义项，因为命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义理解。
8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装
这是考生必须熟练掌握句式之一，以往高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交际中较常见一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。
预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查重点。
重要词汇拓展
Unit 1 Great scientists
1. ____ n. 特征；特性
2. _____ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出→______ n. 结论
3. _____ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
4. ______ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理→_____ n. 参加；出席；侍从；看护
5. _____ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光→_____ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发
6. _____ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈→______adj.可治愈
______ vt.& n. 控制；支配
8. _____ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心→______adj. 被吸收；全神贯注
9. _____ adj. 严重；严厉；剧烈
characteristic    2. conclude；conclusion    3. defeat    4. attend；attendance
5. expose；exposure
6. cure；curable
7. control
8. absorb；absorbed
9. severe
10. _____ vt. 宣布；通告→______n. 宣布；宣告；通知
11. ______ vt. 命令；指示；教导→_____ adj.有教育意义；有指导意义→_____n.指导；指示；指令→_____ n. 教师；讲师；指导员
12. _____ vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助→______n.贡献；奉献
13. _____ adj. 有创造力；创造性；独创→______n.创造；创作
14. _____ adj. 热情；热心→______ n. 热心；热情
15. ______ adj.小心；谨慎→______n.小心；谨慎；慎重
16. ______ vt. 拒绝；不接受；丢弃；抛弃
17. ______ vt. 建造；构造；创立→______n.建造；建筑；结构
18. ______vt.分析→______n.分析
19. ______ vt. 污染；弄脏→______ n. 污染
10.announce;announcement1 11.instruct；instructive；instructioninstructor
12. contribute；contribution 13. creative；creation
14. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 15. cautious；caution 16. reject
17. construct; construction 18. analyse; analysis 19. pollute; pollution
1. put _____ 提出
2. _____ a conclusion 得出结论
3. in ______ 另外
4. ____ to an end结束
5. _____ ...to ...将……和……连接起来
6. _____ from 除……之外
7. be _____ with 对……严格
8. lead _____导致；通向
9. make ______ 有道理；有意义；讲得通
10. _____ of view 态度；观点
11. be ______ to 暴露于……
12. be _____ in 全神贯注于……
13. _____ into 调查
14. be ____ /______ 支持/反对
forward    2. draw    3. addition    4. come    5. link    6. apart 7.strict 8. to 9. sense 10. point 11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look 14. for/against
重点短语梳理
1. _____ its cause ______ its cure was understood.
人们不但不知道它病源，也不了解它方法。
2. So many thousands of terrified people died _____ _____ there was an outbreak.
每次暴发（）时，都有大批惊恐老百姓死去。
3. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ____ ______.
约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
4. ____ ____ you put the sun there _____ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星运动才能说得清楚。
1. Neither; nor
2. every time
3. be examined
4. Only if; did
重点句型再现
1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.
约翰·斯诺战胜“王”。
▲defeat意为“击败；打败；使（计划，希望）落空”。
①defeat, conquer与overcome
三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”意思。
defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指军事上胜利, 如defeat the enemy(打败敌人); conquer指“征服；战胜”，尤其指获得对人、物或感情控制，如conquer nature（征服自然）；overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”, 如overcome difficulties （克服困难）。
【易混辨析】
选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）
①By not working hard enough you ____ your own purpose.
②Some countries may be ____ but can never be _____.
③Who is ____ the drum?
④He ____ the first prize in the writing contest.
【答案】①defeated ②defeated; conquered ③beating ④won
②defeat, beat与win
defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜，打败(对手)”，后接竞争对手。如beat the competitor/the country/the team ...打败对手/国家/队……
I can beat/defeat you at swimming.我游泳能胜过你。
He was defeated/beaten at chess.他下象棋输了。
win也表示“战胜，赢得”，但它宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义词。如win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward ...赢得赛跑/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏……
高手过招
2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到威胁普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。
▲exposed to cholera在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，修饰people，相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera 意为“患”。
▲expose意为“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。
常见结构：expose sth./sb./oneself (to ...) 显露或暴露
be exposed to暴露于
高手过招
用expose适当形式填空
①In summer, ______ the sun can be very harmful to your skin.
②The soil was washed away by the flood, _____ bare rock.
【答案】①being exposed to ②exposing
3. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们不但不知道它病源，也不了解它方法。
▲cure vt.&n. 治愈，法；常用于cure sb. of ...结构中。
cure, treat, heal与recover
①cure意为“；治愈”，多用于指药物并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。
②treat为日常用语，意为“；医治”，指病人全过程或活动。
③heal意为“治愈（伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指感冒等疾病。
④recover意为“痊愈，复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。
That will cure him of his bad habits. 那将改正他坏习惯。
There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.
只有两名医生来50多个病人。
The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上伤已痊愈了。
He’s now fully recovered from his bad cold.
他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。
【易混辨析】
完成句子
①Penicillin ____ ____ _____ his pneumonia.
盘尼西林治好了他肺炎。
②After the accident, the lorry driver ____ _____ for cuts and bruises.
事故后卡车司机擦伤得到了。
③The cut on his finger _____ quickly.
他手指上伤口很快愈合了。
【答案】①cured him of②was treated③healed
高手过招
4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内。
▲suggest vt. 暗示；表明(陈述语气)；建议（suggest doing; suggest that clause）
His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.
他态度表明他对此一点也不感兴趣。
I suggested that he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该适应新情况。
▲absorb意为“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并”，常见结构：
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人注意力
be absorbed in sth. 专心于某事
be absorbed by/into 被……吞并；为……所吸收
Clever children absorb knowledge easily.
聪明孩子掌握知识很容易。
Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body.
阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。
He is absorbed in his business. 他专心致志地处理事务。
Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.
大多数小商店已被并入大公司。
完成句子
①_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______, the man walked into a wall.
那个人看报纸太入神撞到了墙上。
②They were ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.
他们聚精会神地看着电视里表演，舍不得离开。
【答案】①Deeply absorbed in the newspaper
②so deeply absorbed in watching
高手过招
6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死去。
▲ffect vt.意为“影响；作用于”，经常表示某种变化，对象是人时，可指思想或感情上变化。
affect, effect 与influence
①affect 与effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时影响，着重指影响动作，可指一般意义影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者关系大致为：affect＝have an effect on。注意：effect 有时虽用作及物动词，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。
②influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接或潜移默化影响。可用作及物动词或名词(通常不可数，但有时可与不定冠词连用)。
【易混辨析】
完成句子
We are interested in the weather because it ____ ____ _____ /____ ____ ____ ____ ____ (对我们有直接影响)—what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
【答案】affects us directly/has direct effects on us
6. It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
▲blame v. 责备，谴责；把……归咎于
①blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人
He blamed you for the neglect of duty.
他责备你玩忽职守。
②blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack s careless driving.
警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克粗心驾驶。
③be to blame (for) 应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备。注意：此处不能用被动语态。
blame n. 埋怨，责备；责任
take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
lay/put the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
单项填空
We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife _____that for their son’s bad performance at school.
accessible的近义词A. are to blame
B. is to the blamed
C. are to be blamed
D. is to blame
【解析】选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校不好表现，除了杰克妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. This new e______ for the car works well.
2. She has a strong c______.
3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_____ farming.
4. The doctor had my eyes e______ for weakening.
5. He b______ me for my negligence(疏忽大意).
6. He finished his work in a _______ (积极) way.
7. We must try to ______ (分析)the causes of the strike.
8. He became _______ (狂热) about classical music.
9. He has ______ (完成)the whole job already.
10. Be ______（谨慎）when you cross the street.
【答案】1. engine    2. character    3. scientific    4. examined    5. blamed
6.positive
7. analyse
8. enthusiastic
9. completed 10. cautious
II. 用括号内所给单词适当形式填空
1. John Snow told the story about the_____ (astonish) people in Broad Street.
2. Don’t drink _____ (pollute) water, because it carries the disease.
3. Some of the people ______ (invite) to the party couldn’t come.
4. There is a car _____ (park) outside the house.
5. We were ______ (inspire) by the ______ (inspire) news.
6. Why are you looking so _______ (disappoint)?
7. Thousands of ______ (terrify) people died.
【答案】1. astonished    2. polluted    3. invited    4. parked
5. inspired；inspiring
6. disappointed
7. terrified
III. 翻译句子
1. 不要在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤。(sunburn)
2. 有组织旅行就是由某人或某机构组织旅行。
3. 到了那时他才意识到造成损失有多大。
4. 每当他遇到困难，他就会想起他妈妈。（every time）
5. 正在建造那幢摩天大楼比去年建那幢还要高。
【答案】1. Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get sunburned.
2. An organized trip is one organized by someone or some organization.
3. Only then did he realize how much damage had been caused.
4. He would think of his mother every time he met with difficulties.
5. The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one built last year.
Unit 2 The United Kindom
重要词汇拓展
1. _____ vt. 分配；分开→_____ adj. 分离→_____n. 分离；分开
2. _____ n. 矛盾；冲突
3. ______ n. 描写；描述→____ vt. 描写；描述
4. _____ v.组成；一致→_____ n.一致性；连贯性→_____adj.一致
5. _____ vt.澄清；阐明→_____ n.清楚；明晰；清澈
divide; divided; division    2. conflict    3. description; describe
4. consist；consistence；consistent
5. clarify；clarity
重要词汇拓展
6. ____n.收集；收藏品→_____vt.& vi.收集；募集→____ adj.集体
7. _____ n.便利；方便→_____ adj.便利；方便
8. _____ vt.使激动；使胆战心惊→____adj.激动→____ adj.令人兴奋
9. _____ n.快乐；高兴；喜悦；vt.使快乐；使欣喜→_____ adj.高兴→____ adj.令人喜悦
10. _____ vt. 吸引；引起注意→_____ n.吸引; 吸引力；吸引人事物
→_____ adj.有吸引力；诱人
11. _____ adj.壮丽；辉煌；极好
12. _____ n.塑像；雕像
13. _____ vt.筹备；安排；整理→_____ n.筹备；安排；整理
14. _____ n.错误；谬误；过失
6. collection；collect；collective
7. convenience；convenient
8. thrill；thrilled；thrilling 9. delight；delighted；delightful
10. attract; attraction; attractive 11. splendid 12. statue
13. arrange；arrangement 14. error
1. ____ of 由……组成
2._____ ...into 把……分成
3. leave ____ 遗漏；删掉
4. _____ down 捣毁；（机器）出故障；分解；垮掉
5. _____ to 提及；参考
6. for ______ 为了方便
7. _____ close to 接近；几乎
8. take the _____ of 代替；取代
9. break _____ from 挣脱（束缚）；脱离
1. consist
2. divide
3. out
4. break
5. refer
6. convenience
7. come
8. place
9. away

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