语言学复习习题集
Part One Exercises for Phonetics
I. Fill in the blanks
1．________ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing the sounds of speech.
2: Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _________ coming from the lungs.
3 . Consonant sounds can be either_________ or_________, while all vowel sounds are_________.
4. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing _________..
5.    The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the    _________ and the tips.
6. One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the_________ to which that part of the tongue is raised.
7. Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without_________.
8. In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes/f/-/v/_________.
9. In English there are a number of _________, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.
10 _________refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbours.
11.    _________ is the smallest linguistic unit.
12. According to_________, when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda.
II . Choose the best answer.
13. Pitch variation is known as _________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.
A. intonation                            B. tone
C. pronunciation                        D. voice
14. Conventionally a_________ is put in slashes.
A. allophone                            B. phone
C. phoneme                            D. morpheme
15. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _________ of the p phoneme.
A. analogues                            B. tagmemes
C. morphemes                        centeringD. allophones
16. 'The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as_________.
A. gottis                                B. vocal cavity
C. pharynx                            D. uvula
17. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as_________     diphthongs.
A. wide                                B. closing
C. narrow                            D. centering
18. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called
A. minimal pairs                        B. allomorphs
G. phones                            D. allophones
19. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?
A. Acoustic phonetics.                    B. Articulatory phonetics.
C. Auditory phonetics.                    D. Neither of them.
20. Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?
A. [z]                                B. [w]
C. [ø]                                D. [v]
21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?
A. [n]                                 C. [1]
B. [m]                                 D. [P]
22. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?
A. [i:]                                B. [u]            
C. [e]                                 D. [i]
23. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?
A. Voiceless                            B. Voiced
C. Glottal stop                        D. Consonant
24. Which consonant represents the following description: voiceless labiodental fricative?
A. [f]                                B. [ø]
C. [z]                                D. [s]
III . Decide whether the following statements are true[T] or false [ F ] . –
______  25. Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and until recently the most highly developed, is acoustic phonetics. –
______  26. Sound [p] in the word "spit" is an unaspirated stop.
______  27. Supersegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of un
its larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.
______ 28. The airstream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound.
______  29. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same    environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other.
______  30. [ p ] is voiced bilabial stop.
______  31. Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.
______  32. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.
______  33.When pure or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.
______  34. According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into tense vs. lax or long vs. short.
______  35. Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people.
______  36. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to is where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.

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