1．complete v. 完成→completion n．完成，结束
2．prevent v．阻挡，防止→prevention n. 预防，防范
3．harmony  n. 融洽相处，和谐→harmonious adj. 融洽的，和谐的
4．agriculture n. 农业→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的
5．design v. 设计→designer n．设计者，设计师
6．harm v. 伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
sheet  n．床单，被单；一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸)；一大片(覆盖物)
①The road was covered with a sheet of ice.
一大片
②Have you changed the sheets?
床单
③Please hand me a blank sheet of paper，will you？
一张
Words And Phrases
知识要点1　prevent  vt.防止；阻止
(教材原句P63)　The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
[例1]  The accident could have been prevented.这次事故本来是可以防止的。
[例2]　Bad weather prevented me from starting.
恶劣的天气使我不能动身。
[翻译]　昨天晚上是什么事使你不能和我们在一起？
What prevented you (from) joining us last night?
[知识拓展]
((from)doing sth.阻止……做某事
(2)与“(from)doing sth.”意义相近的短语还有：(from) doing from doing sth.
(3)以上短语用于主动语态时，“from doing sth.”与“from doing sth.”中的from可省略，而“from doing sth.”中的from不能省略。“doing”意为“让……一直做某事”。所以用于被动语态时，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Social phobia(社交恐惧症)prevents people making(make) the normal，everyday mistakes that
may help them improve their skills even further.
②Social attention should be paid to preventing our　earth　from being polluted (pollute)．
③Actually，there are grammatical mistakes made by students that keep them from writing good compositions.
知识要点2　in harmony with与……和谐相处
(教材原句P63)　But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。
[例1]　We are aware that we should live in harmony with nature.
我们意识到我们应该和自然和谐相处。
[例2]　In this peaceful land，people live in perfect harmony with nature，far away from the noise and worry of the outside world.
在这片宁静的土地上，人们和大自然和谐相处，远离外界的喧闹和烦恼。
[翻译]　这两个企业必须和衷共济。
Here are two industries that must be in harmony with one another.
[知识拓展]
(1)sense of harmony　和谐感
out of harmony with  与……不和谐
(2)harmonious adj.  和谐的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Devoted to keeping a lasting peace，we must live in harmony with one another.
②The piano was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments.
③We are trying to form a harmonious (harmony) society to meet people's needs.
[小片段填空]
People's life here is full of harmony and at the same time，human and nature make a harmonious picture.(harmony)
知识要点3　design  vt.设计，构思；计划；意欲n.设计；设计方案；装饰图案；打算
(教材原句P63)　The terraces are cleverly designed，with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。
[例1]  Our school invited two engineers to design a language lab for us.
我们学校邀请了两位工程师为我们设计了一个语言实验室。
[例2]　A project about protecting the natural resources is being designed.
正在设计一个保护自然资源的项目。
[翻译]　这两个城市之间的一条新公路正在设计中。
A new highway between the two cities is being designed  at present.
[知识拓展]
(1)designs sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物设计某物
be   为……而设计
be designed   意欲做……，目的是……
(2)by design  故意地
(3)designer n.  设计者；构思者
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The programme is designed to help (help) people who have been out of work for a long time.
②Many public places have toilets which are designed  for the disabled.
③We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.
[小片段填空]
I like the design of the suit，which was designed by a famous designer.She graduated from a school of fashion design and the school is designed to attract talented people who are interested in fashion.(design)
知识要点4　harm vt.& n．[U]伤害，损害
(教材原句P63)　These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish，some of which feed on insects that can harm  the rice crops.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以损害水稻的昆虫为食。
[例1]　Smoking a lot of cigarettes can harm one's health and even may kill people over a long period of time.
长期大量吸烟会危害身体健康，甚至可能导致死亡。
[例2]　What he did did harm  to his image.他的所作所为的确损害了他的形象。
[翻译]　他说几种因素凑在一起，伤害了他们的友谊。
He said that several factors had combined to harm their friendship.
[知识拓展]
(1)do sb./sth.harm＝do harm to sb./sth.
There is no harm in doing sth做某事无害
(2)harmful adj.  有害的
be harmful to sb./sth.  对某人/某物有害
(3)harmless adj.  无害的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①According to the study，using cell phones too often does harm to  your health.
②Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful (harm) to people and animals.
③There is no harm in saying (say) sorry to her first.
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1　无生命名词＋see＋宾语(＋宾语补足语)
(教材原句P62)　Summer sees the mountains turn  bright green with growing rice.
盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将山染成一片青翠
句式分析：句中无生命的名词summer作主语，see在此处意为“见证；目睹”是一种拟人的用法。
[例1]　Dusk saw  the little boy wandering in the street.黄昏时，这个小男孩在街上闲逛。
[例2]　The city has seen  many changes.
这座城市经历了很多变化。
[造句]　这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。
The old tree has seen the improvement of people's living standard.
[知识拓展]
无生命名词作主语see，find，witness等词前用表示时间、地点或其他无生命的名词作主语，用来增添语言彩，意为“ 在某段时期或某地 发生 某情况 ，经历或经受了某事”。
connect to和connect with的区别[翻译]　①20世纪60 年代，钱钟书的著作《围城》第一次有了英译本。
The 1960s witnessed the first translation into English of the famous work Fortress Besieged written by Qian Zhongshu.
②黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。
The dusk found a little girl crying in the street.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The twentieth century witnessed (witness)two world wars.
②The old temple has seen (see) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
重点句式2　what引导主语从句
(教材原句P63)　But perhaps  what is most significant  is the way in which people have worked in harm
ony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
但也许最重要的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式创造了这些梯田来种植水稻。
句式分析：句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
[例1]　What was most important to her，she told me，was her family.
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
[例2]　What made people excited  was that the solar ship had completed around­the­world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
[造句]　他说的话已被录音。
What he said has been recorded.
[知识拓展]
从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数，但what引导的主语从句意义上表示复数或what从句有两个 以上 动词，是表示复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词也用复数。
[翻译]　①我说什么想什么都与你无关。
What I say and think are none of your business.
②这所学校最需要的是书。What the school needs most are books.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①What surprises me most is that he is too proud.
②
What he needs most is (be)money.教材
高考1.The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent  the soil from being washed away.(2019·北京卷)We are finally waking up to the
severity of the problem by supporting and developing    a group of tools ，　apps and approaches intended to prevent  scammers from
getting through.
2.But perhaps what is most significant is the
way in which people have worked in harmony
with nature to make these terraces and grow
rice.
(2015·福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and ，as such ，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.3.The terraces are cleverly designed ，with
hundreds of waterways that connect with each
other.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) HUNCH is designed  to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
4.These terraces also provide    a perfect environment for birds and fish ，some of which feed on inse
cts that can harm  the rice crops.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin ，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
5.But perhaps what is most significant is the
way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.(2017 ·天津卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Repair work is scheduled for completion(complete) in April.
2．Spending too much time on the Internet is harmful(harm) to your health.
3．However ，this reality also worried my designer (design)．
4．I hope you all understand the significance (significant) of this contract.
5．The artist pay more attention to a harmonious (harmony) combination of colours.
6．Though what you are doing is (be) very difficult ，it is of great importance.
7．She wrapped(wrap) the small red flag around her hair and smiled happily to me.
8．As we all know ，it is water and sunlight that  develop the crops.

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