专题15 语法填空训练 5
1.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Around the country, apps ____1____connect customers to businesses with leftover food have begun to spread. The concept is simple: Restaurants and grocery stores throw away huge ____2____ (amount) of food every day. Rather than trash it, apps like Too Good To Go and Flashfood help businesses sell it ____3____a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the environment ____4____the food would otherwise become food waste, a big contributor to climate change. Food production ____5____ (it) is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, ____6____ (account) for between a quarter and ____7____third of global emissions. Each step of the process — growing, harvesting, moving, processing, packaging, storing and preparing food —____8____ (release) carbon dioxide, methane and other planet-warming gases. When the food ____9____ (waste), so are all those emissions. In addition, once unused food reaches landfills, it breaks down and releases more methane. In the United States, customers in 12 cities can browse restaurants
and stores, then reserve “surprise bags” that typically cost about $4 to $6 and contain food that would have been _____10_____ (origin) priced at roughly three times that amount.
【答案】
1that##which   
2amounts   
3at   
4because   
5itself   
6accounting   
7a   
8releases   
9is wasted   
10originally
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了有些手机应用程序可让顾客以低价程序买到要被浪费的食物。他们声称这么做可以避免食物浪费,保护环境。
1.考查定语从句。句意:在全国各地,将顾客与剩菜商家联系起来的应用程序已经开始普及。分析句子结构,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是apps,指物,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which
2.考查名词。句意:这个概念很简单:餐馆和杂货店每天都会扔掉大量食物。固定搭配 amounts of 表示大量的。故填amounts
3.考查介词。句意:像Too Good To GoFlashfood这样的应用程序帮助商家以更低的价格出售它,而不是将其丢弃。固定搭配at....price 表示……价格。故填介词at
4.考查连词。句意:他们声称商家和消费者这样做有助于环境保护,因为不然的话,这些
食品就会变成食物垃圾,成为气候变化的一大元凶。由句意可知,空后是空前的原因,所以填连词because,引导原因状语从句,故填because
5.考查代词。句意:粮食生产本身是温室气体排放的主要贡献者,占全球排放量的四分之一到三分之一。此处考查反身代词充当同位语,起强调作用,所以填itself。故填itself
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:粮食生产本身是温室气体排放的主要贡献者,占全球排放量的四分之一到三分之一。分析句子成分,is作谓语,account在此处要用非谓语形式,表主动,故用现在分词作状语,即accounting。故填accounting
7.考查冠词。句意:粮食生产本身是温室气体排放的主要贡献者,占全球排放量的四分之一到三分之一。此处考查分数表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是1时,可用不定冠词,a third of 表示三分之一。故填a
8.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这一过程的每一步——种植、收获、运输、加工、包装、储存和准备食物——都会释放二氧化碳、甲烷和其他温室气体。分析句子成分,此处作谓语动词;由句意可知,该句子描述客观事实,所以用一般现在时,主语Each step of the process是单数,谓语动词也要用其单数形式,即releases。故填releases
9.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:当食物被浪费时,所有的排放物也会被浪费。分析句子成分,此空作谓语动词;由句意可知,时态为一般现在时,the food 是主语,谓语动词用单数,且食物是浪费,所以填is wasted。故填is wasted
10.考查副词。句意:在美国,12个城市的顾客可以浏览餐馆和商店,然后预订惊喜包,通常售价约为46美元,里面的食物原本价格大约是这个价格的三倍。此处修饰动词 would have been priced,所以要用其副词形式,即originally。故填originally
2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___11___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___12___(know) as the “Daughter of Dunhuang” in her field, though “protector” is probably a more fitting ___13___(describe).
Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology und
ergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___14___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___15___ being destroyed.
“It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___16___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___17___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever,” Fan says.
Today, thanks to the work of great ___18___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___19___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____20____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures.
【答案】
11who##that   
12is known   
13description   
14became   
 15from   
16extremely   
17various   
 18archaeologists   
19dating   
20and
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了敦煌的女儿樊锦诗为保护敦煌文物作出的巨大贡献。
11.考查定语从句。句意:这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟,在她的领域被称为敦煌之女,尽管保护者可能是更合适的描述。设空处引导定语从句,指代先行词archaeologist,且在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词whothat引导。故填who/that
12.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟,在她的领域被称为敦煌之女,尽管保护者可能是更合适的描述。根据语境可知,此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时。句子的主语The Chinese archaeologist是单数,和know之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填is known
connect的名词和形容词
13.考查名词。句意:这位中国考古学家花了半个多世纪的时间研究和保护位于甘肃省古丝绸之路中心的石窟,在她的领域被称为敦煌之女,尽管保护者可能是更合适的描述。设空处被不定冠词a 修饰,应使用名词的单数形式。故填description
14.考查时态。句意:樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址,最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生,1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长,作为一名自然保护主义者,该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。根据下文中的in 1984可知,此处描述过去发生的事,应使用一般
过去时。故填became
15.考查介词。句意:樊锦诗从20世纪60年代初开始研究这一历史遗址,最初是北京大学考古专业的本科生,1984年成为敦煌研究院副院长,作为一名自然保护主义者,该研究院旨在防止这一古老遗址被破坏。prevent sth. from doing sth. 为固定搭配,意为防止某事物发生某种情况。故填from

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