2021高考英语语法填空之冠词与数词
一：知识储备
1．填冠词的情况
若设空后是(形容词＋)名词，且二者搭配在一起表泛指或特指；或设空后有序数词或最高级等，设空处一般填冠词。
2．2个技巧确定填a(an)还是the
技巧1　根据泛指或特指确定冠词
①第一次提到某人或某物，用a(n)；表上文已提到的人或物用the。注意填写时考虑后面词的开头音素，以元音音素开头填an，以辅音音素开头填a。
②“a(n)＋名词”表一类人或一类物或指同类中的“一个”，或表数量“一”。
③“a＋序数词”表“又一；再一”；“the＋序数词”表“第几个”。
④“the＋形容词最高级”表“最……”；“a＋比较级”表“更……的”。
技巧2　根据固定搭配确定冠词
常考的含不定冠词a或the的固定搭配：
①动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位
②at a loss“不知所措”；as a result“结果”；a “浪费……”。
③have/take a look/walk“看一看/去散步”。
3．利用意义确定数词
①表顺序或等级时，用序数词；表数量或数目的多少用基数词。
②表达简单分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。
二：例题精讲
1．When we got a call saying she was short－listed, we thought it was _a__ joke.
解析：joke是单数可数名词，故其前应用不定冠词a，在此表示泛指。
2．This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _the__ top.
解析：句意：这包括挖路、铺轨道，然后在上面建造一个结实的顶。此处特指所修地铁的顶部，故用定冠词the。语法填空中无提示词填空的考查方向多为介词、冠词、连词或代词。当可数名词单数前无冠词时，则考虑填入冠词，如果名词前已经有冠词或其他修饰词，则空格处多用介词。
3．Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as _a__ model in New York.
解析：model“模特”，为可数名词。此处表示泛指，前面要用不定冠词修饰。又因为model的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。选择冠词，要注意根据语境判断是表示特指还是泛指。通常情况下，表示特指时常译为“这个……，这些……”，而泛指时则译为“一个……”。
4．Now，years later, this river is one of _the__ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
解析：句意：现在，数年之后，这条河是环境保护最典型的例子之一。空格后部分的中心词是名词examples，再由one of可知，这里的most表示最高级意义；形容词最高级前用定冠词the。
5．Everybody wears _the__ same style of clothes.
解析：考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
6．You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself _a__ number of questions.
解析：句意：通过自查许多问题你能够断定你处在巅峰和低谷的时候。a number of意为“许多；大量的”，是固定搭配。
三：课后练习
（A）
The Palace Museum is celebrating its upcoming 600th anniversary. Its new attempt (fill) younger generations with culture is a fabulous (绝妙的) mix of celebrities, ancient history, and modern technology.
The Palace Museum is home to (rough) 1.86 million precious historical relics, and among connect的名词和形容词 (they), the North Song Dynasty masterpiece Along the River during the Qingming Festival, painted by Zhang Zeduan, (consider) to be of great value. The painting has such a reputation of being China's Mona Lisa millions of visitors are attracted to enjoy it. The (origin) masterpiece is static (静态的), and it seems that the general public rarely knows the painting is trying to convey. Since 2000, the Palace Museum (cooperate) with technology companies to make these silent, historical relics come alive. The digitalized version of the work can be shown on the giant screen in an exhibition room. Visitors (wear) VR glasses will take a boat and explore the neighborhood of the Bian River. Thanks to modern technology, all the precious historical relics will be brought life, with their obscure (晦涩的) words easier to understand.
参考答案：1．to fill　2．roughly  3．them　4．is considered 
5．that　6．original　7．what　8．has cooperated/has been cooperating　9．wearing　10．to　
（B）
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all,uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody 　1　 (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).Everybody wears 　2　 same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth 　3　 gives off light in the dark.When the children are walking or 　4　(cycle) to school on dark mornings,car drivers can 　5　(easy) see them. 
But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 　6　 this question is not clear.One study in America found that students’ grades 　7　 (improve) a little after the sch
ool introduced uniforms.But some students didn’t want 　8　 (wear) the uniform.Other American studies showed no 　9　(connect) between uniforms and school performance. 
School uniforms are 　10　 (tradition) in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy.However,uniforms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms. 
参考答案：1.has/will have　2.the　3.that/which　4.cycling　5.easily  6.to　7.improved　8.to wear　9.connection/connections　10.traditional
（C）
She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 　1　(rest).Instead,she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 　2　 model in New York. 
Sarah 　3　 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel,earning a million dollars in th
e next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model full-time.But Sarah,　4　has taken part in shows along with top models,wants 　5　(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 　6　(educate). 

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