托福语法基础 6
1. When ---in arctic regions; the Aleuts construct igloos as temporary winter shelters.
A travel
B to travel
C traveling them
D traveling
答案：D
测试点：省略句..
分析：引导状语成分的连词when可后接从句或亦可接分词..When+分词短语相当于从句省掉了主语和系词;即whenthe Aleuts aretraveling in arctic legions．A动词原形和B不定式均不可与when连用作状语；C多了them.
解题要点：时间状语从句的连词when;while后可直接加分词短语..条件是这一从句的主语应与主句的主语同一人／物..
2. Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is ---of its liquid.
A than the higher density
B higher than the density
C the density is higher than that
D the higher the density
答案：B
测试点：比较级／词序.
分析：比较级的句式要求动词+形容词或副词比较级+than+被比较的成份;4个答案中只有B符合此结构.
3. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---clearly understood.
A none
B no
C not
D nor
答案：C
测试点：否定词.
分析：否定动词要用副词not.
4. Desert animals ---a means of retaining moisture in such a hot; dry climate if they are to survive.
A need
B needing
C to need
D was needed
答案：A
测试点：谓语.
分析：空格两边都是名词性成份;说明所缺为谓语动词．答案中A可作谓语．BC不能单独作谓语；D用了被动式;与句意不合..
5. ---state of Wyoming is also known as the “Equality State” because Wyoming women were the first in the nation to vote.
A The
B There is a
C That the
D As the
答案：A
测试点：冠词.
分析：空格后是一完整的复合句;空格内不可能填入带有连词或动词成分的B、C或D．这里缺少的是限定state of Wyoming的定冠词the.
6. Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter ---.
A than cane sugar does
B does cane sugar
C cane sugar
D than cane sugar
答案：D
测试点：比较句式.
分析：看到比较级的sweeter一词;就应在答案中寻以than开头的形式;即A和D．A中动词does与比较级前半部分系词不一致;而答案D是省略了系词is．的正确形式.
解题要点；比较级结构要求前后比较的两部分句子结构一样;应然;助动词do;does;did及系词be在后半部分可以省略.
7. Ground plans and contour maps of the Earth ---from aerial photographs.
A can be drawn
B can draw
C to draw
D drawn
答案：A
测试点：谓语／被动语态.
分析：空格前是名词性成份;所缺为谓语动词．空格后有from短语;说明谓语动词应为被动态;故选A．B为主动态；CD都是动词的非谓语形式分词;前缺助动词.
解题要点：空格后出现from或by的短语;动词常常是被动态.
8. By the middle of the twentieth century; painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert ---over art.
A influence worldwide a great
B a great worldwide influence
C influence a great worldwide
D a worldwide influence
答案：B
测试点：词序..
分析：exert的宾语应是名词influence;应在答案中分辨哪个是以influence为中心词的词;即B.
解题要点；多个形容词修饰名词时词序排列是有规律的．其中心词名词位置一般在最后;冠词在最前面．其间的多个形容词则依与中心名词的修饰关系的强弱而从后往前排列．此句首先强调的是一个全球性的影响world wide influence然后再说明这个“全球性影响”是巨大的agreat worldwide influencc.
9. ---millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way.
A It is estimated that
B An estimate that
C That is estimated
D That the estimated
答案：A
测试点：形式主语／复合句..
分析：空格后为完整的句子;空格前可能是短语或句子..BD都是不完整的结构；C与后文之间无连词;故选A．It是形式主语;that后的从句才是真正的主语.
10. The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ---the plants grow.
A which
B which in
C in which
D in
答案：C
测试点：介词+which结构.
分析：空格后为主谓完整的定语从句．In which=where介词+关系代词=关系副词;用来修饰先行词soil;表示地点.
解题要点：关系代词which在宾语从句中;应承担其主语或宾语的身份．如从句中主语、宾语俱全或如此句grow为不及物动词;无需有宾语;则应考虑用关系副词;或其变形介词+which..此形式为TOEFL常考题型..
11. The operetta first ---as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century.
A to emerge
B emerging
C has emerged
D emerged
答案：D
测试点：谓语.
分析：句中缺谓语动词;而AB都是动词的非谓语形式;不可单独作谓语．C是完成时;不能与副词first搭配;故选D.
12. ---complex organic catalysts originating in living cells.
A Enzymes
B Enzymes are
C Enzymes which are
D Enzymes while they
答案：B
测试点：主谓结构.
分析：construct用法句子主、谓均缺;应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式;即B．A无动词；CD含有从句.
13. In the eastern part of New Jersey ---; a major shipping and manufacturing center.
A lies the city of Elizabeth
B the city of Elizabeth lies there
C around the city of Elizabeth lies
D there lies the city of Elizabeth around
答案：A
测试点：倒装句..
分析：表示地点的介词短语放在句首;通常后面的句子要倒装..应在答案中选择动词+名词的形式;即A.
解题要点；遇到倒装句;在4个答案中寻以动词开头的形式.
14. Work in parapsychology; ---; has attracted a relatively small number of scientists.
A is a very controversial field
B which a very controversial field is
C a very controversial field
D a field very controversial which
答案：C
测试点：同位语.
分析：主语后面的空格;两边用逗号隔开;常常要么是分词短语作定语;要么是同位语．应在答案中选择说明主语性质的名词性结构作其同位语;即C．A多了动词；BD与从句有关.
15. ---; the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive; a senate; and a house of representatives.
A In 1827 they drafted
B The draft in 1827
C In 1827 was drafted
D Drafted in 1827
答案：D
测试点：分词短语/状语..
分析：空格位于句首;后面用逗号与完整的句子隔开;所缺常常是状语..D为分词短语;作时间状语..
解题要点；过去分词+in+年份是TOEFL常考短语.
16. Sociological studies have found that deeply hold values and principles are highly resistant to change.
答案：B

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