【英语】高三英语语法填空专项训练100(附答案)及解析
一、高中英语语法填空
1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cathy Mar n is a hurricane hunter with the Na onal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra on (NOAA). For six months each year, she is part of a team that collects ________ she describes as "vital data, to save life and property."
When winds pick up, ________(spin) toward the Caribbean and U. S. coastline, Mar n and ________(she) flight team spring into ac on.
They use instruments called dropsondes, which ________(set) free from a tube at the back of the plane. As a dropsonde makes its 10,000-foot landing into the sea, it sends out informa on about air temperature, pressure, humidity, and the speed and ________(direct) of the wind.
On an eight-hour flight, Mar n's team ________(typical) drops 15 to 20 dropsondes while flying from one side of the storm ________ the other, trying to cover as much ground as possible. They head for the center (or eye) of the storm, ________ there's no wind, and also search for the strongest winds, to help p
eople on the coast prepare for what's coming. Some mes, they will use an unmanned aircra  ________ (gather) data closer to the ocean's surface.
Though these flights can be long,________( re) and o en last several days in a row, Mar n likes her job and wishes she could fly every day.
【答案】 what;spinning;her;are set;direc on;typically;to;where;to gather; ring    【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Cathy Mar n 以及她的团队是如何收集数据
预测飓风的。
(1)考查宾语从句。句意:每年有六个月的时间,她是一个团队的成员,这个团队收集
她所说的“重要数据,以拯救生命和财产”。本句为宾语从句,因为从句中缺少宾语,指代
事物,故填what。
(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:当风力增强,向加勒比海和美国海岸线旋转时,马丁和她
的飞行团队立即行动起来。spin与逻辑主语wind是主动关系,故填现在分词作状语,故填spinning。
(3)考查代词。修饰名词flight team使用形容词性物主代词,故填her。
(4)考查时态语态。句意:他们使用一种叫做下投式探空仪的仪器,这种仪器从飞机后
部的管子中释放出来。主语是dropsondes与谓语动词构成被动关系,结合上下文使用一般
现在时,主语为复数名词,故填are set。
(5)考查名词。句意:当探空仪降落在10000英尺的海面上时,它会发出有关空气温度、压力、湿度以及风速和风向的信息。根据上文名词并列结构the speed and可知,应填
名词,故填direc on。
(6)考查副词。句意:在8小时的飞行中,马丁的团队从风暴的一边飞到另一边时,通
常会放下15到20个探空仪,试图覆盖尽可能多的地面。修饰动词drop应用副词,故填typically。
(7)考查介词。from…to…固定短语,“从……到……”,故填to。
(8)考查定语从句。句意:他们前往风暴中心(或风眼),那里没有风,也寻最强的风,
帮助沿海地区的人们为即将到来的风暴做好准备。本句为定语从句修饰先行词center,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。
(9)考查非谓语动词。句意:有时,他们会使用无人驾驶飞机收集更接近海洋表面的数据。本句为不定式to do作目的状语,故填to gather。
(10)考查形容词。句意:虽然这些飞行时间很长,也很累,而且常常会持续好几天,但马丁喜欢她的工作,希望她能每天都飞。根据上文系动词be可知,应填形容词作表语,修饰物,故填 ring。
【点评】本题考点涉及宾语从句,非谓语动词,代词,时态语态,名词,副词,定语从句以及形容词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确
的单词形式。
2.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to Chinese speaking prac ce, lion is a special animal to Chinese people. A pair of stone lions, a male ________ a female, are ________(common) seen in front of the gates of tradi onal building.
The lion ________(regard) as the king in the animal world, so ________(it) images represent power and pres ge. The stone lions are also used to indicate the ranks of officials.
It is interes ng to note that China had no lions originally. The earliest stone lions were sculpted ________ the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty from A. D. 25 to 220 with ________ introduc on of Buddhism(佛教) into ancient China. In the Buddhist faith, the lion, ________ can protect the truth and keep off evils, is considered a divine animal of nobleness and dignity. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of ________ (brave), power and good luck.
It was also popular to decorate bridges with stone sculpted lions for the defending reason. The ________(well) known of bridges is the Lugouqiao, ________(build )from 1189 to 1192.
【答案】 and;commonly;is regarded;its;at;the;which;bravery;best;built    【解析】【分析】短文大意:本文主要讲述了石狮子的象征,历史和用途。
(1)句意:一对石狮子,一只雄狮子和一只雌狮子,一般在传统建筑的门前能够看见。
一对狮子,雌和雄应该是并列关系,故填and。
(2)句意:一对石狮子,一只雄狮子和一只雌狮子,一般在传统建筑的门前能够看见。
修饰seen用副词,commonly,通常地。故填commonly。
(3)句意:狮子被认为是动物界的王者,所以它的形象代表权利和威望。be regarded as
被认为是,此处为固定搭配,故填be regarded。
(4)句意:狮子被认为是动物界的王者,所以它的形象代表权利和威望。images为名词,it是人称代词,此处用形容词性物主代词its它的,修饰名词。故填its。
(5)句意:最早的石狮子从公元25-220年,随着佛教流传入古代中国,在东汉初期被雕
刻出来。at the beginning of意为在……的开端,为固定搭配。故填at。
(6)句意:最早的石狮子从公元25-220年,随着佛教流传入古代中国,在东汉初期被雕
刻出来。此处特指佛教在古代中国的流传,应用定冠词,故填the。
(7)句意:在佛教的信仰中,石狮子能够保护真理驱走邪恶,被视为是高贵庄严的神圣
动物。动物。
can protect the truth and keep off evils  是非限性定语从句,先行词是the lion ,关系词用which 。故填which 。
(8)句意:在中国神话故事中,狮子成了勇敢,力量和好运的象征。and 连接并列成分,保持形式一致。power 和luck 都是名词,brave 变成名词bravery ,勇气。故填bravery 。  (9)句意:最有名的是桥是被建于1189年至1192年的卢沟桥。the+形容词最高级,表示最……故填best 。
(10)句意:最有名的是桥是被建于1189年至1192年的卢沟桥。主语是  the Lugouqiao  ,被建造,用被动语态,此处做后置定语修饰名词,省略be 动词,用过去分词built 。故填built 。
【点评】考查连词、副词、代词、固定搭配、冠词、非限定性定语从句、名词、副词最高级和非谓语动词。先通读全文,理解文章大意。再细读文章,分析句子成分及含义逐一作答,最后再读文章,修正错误。
3.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。      Mochi (年糕) is a tradi onal food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from ________ (special) treated rice. It is o en presented in the form of a round cake, and is tradi onally exchanged at the New Year.
Mochi is made by ________ (put) s cky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a s ck
y paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of ________ are stuffed with sweet fillings. Mochi is o en decorated with ________ (flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as ________ gi  at celebra ons like birthdays and the New Year .
Tradi onally, wooden mortars (臼) and pestles (杵) ________ (use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm ________ a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular prepara ons in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is so  but it________ (hard) quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, fla ened and cut into square pieces or shaped into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it's ________ (good) to cook soon than to keep it in your fridge.
Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep-fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very s cky, so be careful not ________ (choke) on it.
【答案】
specially ;pu ng ;which ;flowers ;a ;are used ;with ;hardens ;be er ;to choke
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国和日本受欢迎的传统食物——年糕。  (1)考查副词。句意:年糕是一种在中国和日本很流行的传统食物,由经过特殊处理的大米制成。此处要用副词修饰形容词treated ,故填specially 。
(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:年糕是将糯米放入水中过夜。by 是介词,意为“通过……”后接doing 形式,故填pu ng 。
(3)考查定语从句。句意:这种糊状物的形状从简单的圆形到复杂的圆形,有些是甜馅的。此处是定语从句,指代上文的paste ,从句中做介词宾语,用关系代词which ,故填which 。
(4)考查名词。句意:年糕通常用鲜花或水果装饰。根据or fruits ,可知此处用名词复数,故填flowers 。
(5)考查冠词。句意:尤其是在生日和新年等庆祝活动中作为礼物交换时。根据as ___5___ gi ,gi “礼物”,可数名词,故填a 。
(6)考查时态语态。句意:传统上,木臼和杵是用来捣糯米的。主语是wooden mortars and pestles ,谓语动词用复数形式的被动语态,又因为时态是一般现在时,故填are used 。  (7)考查介词。句意:新鲜的年糕通常是煮熟的,并与各种酱料一起热着吃。介词with 表示“与……一起”,根据句意,故填with 。
(8)考查时态。句意:新鲜的年糕很软,但会很快变硬。主语是it ,是第三人称单数,指Fresh mochi ,时态是一般现在时,故填hardens 。
(9)考查形容词。句意:年糕很容易变坏,所以与其把它存放在冰箱里,不如现煮现吃。根据than 可知此处形容词的比较级,故填be er 。
(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:煮熟的年糕很黏,所以要小心别噎着了。be careful to do sth.固定短语,“小心做某事”,可知此处用动词不定式,故填to choke 。
【点评】本题考点涉及副词,非谓语动词,定语从句,名词,冠词,时态语态,介词,形容词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
4.语法填空      Your teeth may be part of your smile, ________ they have a more important job-they are the first step in the process of diges on. You have three ________(kind) of teeth. In the very front of your mouth are eight flat, thin teeth called incisors. They are used for cu ng and bi ng food. Next to these are pointed teeth called canines, ________ also help you tear food. The remaining teeth are molars. These teeth have flat tops for crushing and grinding the food.
【答案】 but ;kinds ;which
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了牙齿的三个种类和功能。
(1)考查连词。句意:你的牙齿可能是你笑容的一部分,但是他们有一个更重要的工作:它们是消化过程的第一步作:它们是消化过程的第一步
。空格处前后为两个完整的句子,所以要填一个连词连接这两个句子,根据句意,前后为转折关系,故填but 。
(2)考查名词。句意:你有三种牙齿。kind 在这里表"种类",是可数名词,由three 修饰,所以要用其复数形式。故填 kinds 。
(3)考查定语从句。句意:这些牙齿旁边是犬齿,这些犬齿也可以帮助你撕裂食物。分析句子可知,空格处所在的句子为定语从句,先行词为canines, 指物。关系词在从句中做主语。所以要用which 引导这个非限定性定语从句引导这个非限定性定语从句
,故填which 。  【点评】本题考点涉及连词,名词,定语从句等知识点的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
5.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More than half of former host ci es for the Winter Olympics will be too hot________(deal)with such ga
mes by the end of this century. That is the predic on of a recent study.
It's not just the Olympics that________ (be) at risk now. "The world of winter sports is changing as the global climate con nues warming," says Daniel Sco , ________climate-change researcher in Canada. He led a team of researchers, ________used math to predict how winter condi ons will have changed by February 2050 and 2080. February is the month when the Olympic winter games are________(typical) played.
Sco  and his team forecast temperatures and snow cover for the 19 ci es that have already hosted Winter Olympics, and two________(addi on) ci es: PyeongChang, South Korea,and Beijing, China, where the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held.
Sco 's team________(start) with looking at historic winter condi ons, and then used computer models to predict condi ons in the future.________( they) model predicted that by2050,the average February temperatures in past Winter Olympic host ci es will rise by 1.9 ________2.1 degrees Celsius. These temperatures can affect the quality of snow, thus________(increase)the chance of accidents.
【答案】 to deal;are;a;who;typically;addi onal;started;Their;to;increasing    【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,一项研究预测,到本世纪末,一半以上的前冬奥会主办城市将会太热而无defending
法举行这样的比赛。
(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:到本世纪末,一半以上的前冬奥会主办城市将因天气太热而无法举办此类赛事。too…to…固定句式,“太.....而不能.....”,故填to deal。
(2)考查主谓一致。句意:现在不仅是奥运会面临危险。本句the Olympics后面接的是定语从句,并且the Olympics在定语从句中做主语,定语从句谓语动词应和主语保持一致,用复数,故填are。
(3)考查冠词。句意:“随着全球气候持续变暖,冬季运动的世界正在发生变化,”加拿大的一个气候变化研究员,丹尼尔·斯科特说。本句中气候变化研究员为单数,应用冠词a 修饰,表示泛指一个,故填a。
(4)考查定语从句。句意:他领导了一组研究人员,他们用数学来预测到2050年2月和2080年冬天的情况会发生怎样的变化。空后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为  a team of researchers,指人,在从句中做主语,应用关系代词who,故填who。
(5)考查副词。句意:2月是冬季奥运会举行的典型月份。空中的词用来修饰谓语动词are played做状语,应用副词,故填typically。
(6)考查形容词。句意:斯科特和他的团队预测了已经举办冬奥会的19个城市的气温和积雪,以及另
外两个城市:韩国平昌,和中国北京,2022年冬奥会将在那里举行。此处用来修饰名词ci es作定语,应用形容词,故填addi onal。
(7)考查时态。句意:斯科特的研究小组开始研究了历史上的冬季情况,然后使用计算机模型来预测未来的情况。空中的词和used做并列谓语,时态应保持一致,都用一般过去时,故填started。
(8)考查代词。句意:他们的模型预测到2050年,过去冬奥会主办城市的2月份平均气

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