R语⾔中for循环的并⾏处理⽅式
前⾔
本⽂⽤于记录笔者在将R语⾔中的for语句并⾏化处理中的⼀些问题。
实验
这⾥使⽤foreach和doParallel包提供的函数实现for语句的并⾏处理。
for语句脚本
func <- function(x, y, z) {
return(x^y/z)
}
# >>> main <<<
x <- 2
y <- 3
z <- 1:100000
start <- (proc.time())[3][[1]]
a <- 0
for (i_z in z) {
a <- a + func(x, y, i_z)
}
end <- (proc.time())[3][[1]]
print(paste('Result = ', round(a, 2), ', time = ', (end-start), 's', sep=''))
输出：
[1] "Result = 96.72, time = 0.177s"
并⾏化版本
library(foreach)
library(doParallel)
func <- function(x, y, z) {
return(x^y/z)
}
# >>> main <<<
x <- 2
y <- 3
z <- 1:100000
start <- (proc.time())[3][[1]]
cl <- makeCluster(12)
registerDoParallel(cl)
a <- foreach(z=z, bine='rbind') %dopar% func(x, y, z)
a <- sum(a)
stopCluster(cl)
end <- (proc.time())[3][[1]]
print(paste('Result = ', round(a, 2), ', time = ', (end-start), 's', sep=''))
输出：
[1] "Result = 96.72, time = 37.988s"
总结
1、这⾥发现并⾏化所⽤时间⼤于⾮并⾏化所⽤过的时间，是因为需要执⾏的操作（func函数）过于简
单，⽽foreach处理时会有额外的资源消耗。此时foreach额外消耗的资源远⼤于需要执⾏的操作所需的资源，因此会导致并⾏化后反⽽使⽤的时间增加了。所以对于⼀些复杂的操作⽐较适合使⽤并⾏化的策略。
2、foreach函数的.packages参数可以为并⾏化函数传递额外需要的包。
3、foreach中的参数为需要在func中循环的变量，其他固定的变量则在func中传⼊。参数可以是data.frame类型。
补充：R语⾔--for循环语句的使⽤
R语⾔for循坏语句的使⽤（多个for)
对于多个for循还语句，R语⾔的执⾏顺序（以3个for为例）：从外向内单个执⾏，⾥边循还完整，再往外⼀层，直到全部完成。话不多说，上例⼦：
代码：
library(data.table)
mm<-data.table()
m<-c(1,2,3,4,5)
n<-c('a','b','c','d','e')
o<-c(6,7,8,9,10)
for (i1 in m){
for ( i2 in n){
for (i3 in o){
print(c(i1,i2,i3))
aa<-data.table(i1,i2,i3)
bb<-rbind(mm,aa)
}
}
}
执⾏结果：
[1] "1" "a" "6"
[1] "1" "a" "7"
[1] "1" "a" "8"
[1] "1" "a" "9"
[1] "1"  "a"  "10"
[1] "1" "b" "6"
[1] "1" "b" "7"
[1] "1" "b" "8"
[1] "1" "b" "9"
[1] "1"  "b"  "10"
[1] "1" "c" "6"
[1] "1" "c" "7"
[1] "1" "c" "8"
register for[1] "1" "c" "9"
[1] "1"  "c"  "10"
[1] "1" "d" "6"
[1] "1" "d" "7"
[1] "1" "d" "8"
[1] "1" "d" "9"
[1] "1"  "d"  "10"
[1] "1" "e" "6"
[1] "1" "e" "7"
[1] "1" "e" "8"
[1] "1" "e" "9"
[1] "1"  "e"  "10"
[1] "2" "a" "6"
[1] "2" "a" "7"
[1] "2" "a" "8"
[1] "2" "a" "9"
[1] "2"  "a"  "10"
[1] "2" "b" "6"
[1] "2" "b" "7"
[1] "2" "b" "8"
[1] "2" "b" "9"
[1] "2"  "b"  "10"
[1] "2" "c" "6"
[1] "2" "c" "7"
[1] "2" "c" "8"
[1] "2" "c" "9"
[1] "2"  "c"  "10"
[1] "2" "d" "6"
[1] "2" "d" "7"
[1] "2" "d" "8"
[1] "2" "d" "9"
[1] "2"  "d"  "10"
[1] "2" "e" "6"
[1] "2" "e" "7"
[1] "2" "e" "8"
[1] "2" "e" "9"
[1] "2"  "e"  "10"
[1] "3" "a" "6"
[1] "3" "a" "7"
[1] "3" "a" "8"
[1] "3" "a" "9"
[1] "3"  "a"  "10"
[1] "3" "b" "6"
[1] "3" "b" "7"
[1] "3" "b" "8"
[1] "3" "b" "9"
[1] "3"  "b"  "10"
[1] "3" "c" "6"
[1] "3" "c" "7"
[1] "3" "c" "8"
[1] "3" "c" "9"
[1] "3"  "c"  "10"
[1] "3" "d" "6"
[1] "3" "d" "7"
[1] "3" "d" "8"
[1] "3" "d" "9"
[1] "3"  "d"  "10"
[1] "3" "e" "6"
[1] "3" "e" "7"
[1] "3" "e" "8"
[1] "3" "e" "9"
[1] "3"  "e"  "10"
[1] "4" "a" "6"
[1] "4" "a" "7"
[1] "4" "a" "8"
[1] "4" "a" "9"
[1] "4"  "a"  "10"
[1] "4" "b" "6"
[1] "4" "b" "7"
[1] "4" "b" "8"
[1] "4" "b" "9"
[1] "4"  "b"  "10"
[1] "4" "c" "6"
[1] "4" "c" "7"
[1] "4" "c" "8"
[1] "4" "c" "9"
[1] "4"  "c"  "10"
[1] "4" "d" "6"
[1] "4" "d" "7"
[1] "4" "d" "8"
[1] "4" "d" "9"
[1] "4"  "d"  "10"
[1] "4" "e" "6"
[1] "4" "e" "7"
[1] "4" "e" "8"
[1] "4" "e" "9"
[1] "4"  "e"  "10"
[1] "5" "a" "6"
[1] "5" "a" "7"
[1] "5" "a" "8"
[1] "5" "a" "9"
[1] "5"  "a"  "10"
[1] "5" "b" "6"
[1] "5" "b" "7"
[1] "5" "b" "8"
[1] "5" "b" "9"
[1] "5"  "b"  "10"
[1] "5" "c" "6"
[1] "5" "c" "7"
[1] "5" "c" "8"
[1] "5" "c" "9"
[1] "5"  "c"  "10"
[1] "5" "d" "6"
[1] "5" "d" "7"
[1] "5" "d" "8"
[1] "5" "d" "9"
[1] "5"  "d"  "10"
[1] "5" "e" "6"
[1] "5" "e" "7"
[1] "5" "e" "8"
[1] "5" "e" "9"
[1] "5"  "e"  "10"
以上为个⼈经验，希望能给⼤家⼀个参考，也希望⼤家多多⽀持。如有错误或未考虑完全的地⽅，望不吝赐教。

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