⼀篇⽂章就能把英语学好的⽅式：⼗遍阅读法
在国际化交流已经成为常态的今天，不论是⽇常⽣活、学习成长、交流沟通，还是职业发展，英语早已经在很多⽅⾯和我们每个⼈产⽣了深度的关联。⽽随着中国改⾰开放政策的继续推⾏、“⼀带⼀路”倡议的⼤举推进，英语愈加扮演着更重要的⾓⾊，成为了我们与世界和未来对话的⼀门必备⼯具！
如果你还觉得英语和我没什么关系，那你未来很可能会错失很多好的发展机会，并被⼈逐渐拉开距离哦。短期来看，英语关系你的⽣活、⼯作；但从长远来看，它还决定着你成为什么样的⼈，能达到怎样的⾼度。
那么疑惑来了，我们该怎样提升英语呢？下⾯这篇⽂章⼩编良⼼推荐，满满⼲货。想⾃学英语的⼩伙伴们有福咯。记得⽤⼼“啃”，保准你吃得饱饱的。O(∩_∩)O~
胡敏教授和他的“⼗遍阅读法”
新航道国际教育集团董事长兼CEO、英语培训界的江湖⽼前辈、被媒体誉为“中国雅思之⽗”的胡敏教授，曾提出过⼀个很厉害的“⼗遍阅读法”。
第⼀遍阅读重在训练阅读速度和理解能⼒；
第⼆到第五遍从词语⾓度学习⽂章；
第六到第七遍从句⼦层⾯进⾏突破；
第⼋遍着重研究段落；
最后两遍的阅读在篇章⽅⾯总体把握⽂章。
以下将全⽂引⽤，请⼀定认真阅读，⼿把⼿教会你应该怎么做，⼩编亲测有效哦！
对于英语学习者⽽⾔，阅读中存在着诸多问题。为了应对各种考试⽽阅读者有之，这些⼈仅仅满⾜于在客观题的四个选项中对答案，有时连⾃⼰也不清楚究竟学到了什么。单纯为了学习⽽阅读者有之，遗憾的是，为数众多的⼈往往饱受阅读之苦，⽽享受阅读乐趣、从阅读中获益者少之⼜少。
其原因何在？不同的⼈或许有不同的情况。有些⼈缺乏⽬的，对任何英语材料只是简单地浏览，浮光掠影，浅尝辄⽌，仅此⽽已，尽管对阅读常有接触，但感觉仍所获寥寥。
另有些⼈阅读⽅法不当。他们每读⼀篇⽂章的同时，逢词必查，结果读书的过程完全演变成查词典的过程，⽂章读得⽀离破碎，索然寡味，趣味尽失，即使回头重读，也是简单重复，没有更⼤的收获，就像希腊神话中的西西弗斯，竭尽全⼒推巨⽯上⼭，但永远做的是周⽽复始、徒劳⽆益的⼯作。许多⼈因此感到，与其如此，还不如去背词典来得直接。这种阅读⽅式既苦不堪⾔，也⽆法坚持下去。
有⼈提倡整篇英语⽂章的背诵，⼀、⼆百词的短⼩篇⽬倒是不在话下，但稍长⼀些就⽆能为⼒了。况且，不以理解为基础的记忆最终也⽆济于事。
成功的阅读⾸先在于材料的挑选。应该明⽩，英语阅读不应过于随意，要有⼀定的选择性。
其重要标准有两条：⼀是时代性，最好阅读当代的英语⽂章。语⾔随着时代的发展处于不断的变化更新之中，真正学好英语就要跟上英语语⾔发展的脚步。
⼆是难度适中，如果语⾔过于艰涩，会严重影响阅读的正常进程，⽂字过于简单，则失去学习的⽬的。
It pays to read actively, intelligently and selectively.（积极、聪明、有选择的阅读不吃亏。）学习者可以利⽤各种资源，⾃选⽂章，⾃编阅读教材。⽂章应以英语时⽂为主，如报刊⽂章。因为时⽂所使⽤的语⾔具有时代特⾊，是鲜活的语⾔。
如果每周坚持阅读⼀篇，⼀年则可以积累成⼀册。有机会重拾再读，温故知新。只有创造机会接触当代英语（expose
如果每周坚持阅读⼀篇，⼀年则可以积累成⼀册。有机会重拾再读，温故知新。只有创造机会接触当代英语（expose yourself to contemporary English），学习才真正具有价值。
阅读只有⽬的明确才能读有所获。英语阅读其⽬的何在？如果把英语阅读仅仅当作取得信息的渠道，则远远没有发挥其潜在的巨⼤功能。如果学习者把阅读更多地看成学习英语语⾔的⼿段，则阅读所产⽣的效果将⼤为不同。
应该说，What we profit from reading is more than reading.（阅读所得远远超出阅读本⾝。）学习者应处理好语⾔输⼊和输出的关系。
众所周知，输⼊是输出的基础，没有⾜够的输⼊，就不可能有流畅的输出。阅读是英语输⼊最重要的环节。如果能加以有效开发和利⽤，则可以直接促进和突破英语表达和翻译等语⾔输出环节。果真如此，学好英语指⽇可待。
To make the best use of reading is to make reading part of you.（充分利⽤阅读就是使阅读成为你的⼀部分。）如何使阅读充分为我所⽤，内化为⾃⼰的语⾔知识和技能，是英语学习者普遍存在的困惑。
为此笔者愿意向⼴⼤英语学习者强烈推介⼀种全新的阅读理念：英语⼗遍阅读法，旨在帮助⼤家准英语学习的切⼊点，⾛出英语阅读的困境，实现从理解到表达的飞跃。
这种阅读⽅法可以有效地把培养阅读技能和获取语⾔知识相结合，把阅读理解和英语表达相联系，从⽽以阅读为⼿段，取得最⼤的学习效果，其意义超越了阅读本⾝。
总体说来，⼗遍阅读法可以分为五个层次，每⼀遍都有极强的⽬的性，都有各⾃的侧重点。第⼀遍阅读重在训练阅读速度和理解能⼒；第⼆到第五遍从词语⾓度学习⽂章；第六到第七遍从句⼦层⾯进⾏突破；第⼋遍着重研究段落；最后两遍的阅读在篇章⽅⾯总体把握⽂章。
下⾯以“Self-Help Pioneer Dale Carnegie” 这篇⽂章作为范例，阐述⼗遍阅读法的具体运⽤。
Self-help Pioneer Dale Carnegie
He Won Friends And Influenced Many People
If ever there were a sad sack who needed the keep-your-chin-up advice of Dale Carnegie (1888-1955), it was Dale Carnegie.
Until he published How to Win Friends and Influence People in 1936, the founding guru of the self-help movement had failed at almost everything he’d ever tried, professionally and personally.
He never graduated from college. He tried careers in farming, teaching, salesmanship, acting, journalism and novel writing; all flopped. His first marriage ended in a bitter divorce. He lost most of his savings in the stock market crash of 1929.
His failures often left him depressed. Once he was even suicidal. But his failures made him fascinated with successful people. What exactly did they do? What were their methods?
Carnegie decided it was simple self-confidence. All it needed was to be built up and constantly reinforced.
He studied the subject for years and later compiled his observations into his classic book about speaking and interacting with people.
That wasn’t easy for him, either. Carnegie was an intensely shy man who never completely overcame his own fear of public speaking.
Yet an estimated 50 million copies of his books have been sold in dozens of languages. His training courses continue to thrive nationwide, having taught more than 7 million people.
Success at self-help was something he had to work at hard and learn as much as anyone else.
Great Role Models
So he looked to those he most admired. His most famous books rely on quotations from and stories about Abe Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin and other wise figures.
“I realize now that healthy people don’t write books on health. It is the sick person who becomes interested in health. And in the same way, people who have a natural gift for diplomacy don’t write books on How to Win Friends and Influence People. The reason I wrote the book was because I have blundered so often myself that I began to study the subject for the good of my soul.” Carnegie said in 1937.
At least 15 million copies of the book have been sold since then, making it one of the most purchased books of the
20th century.
Carnegie was born in rural Missouri. His real name was Dale Carnegie. Despite rumors, he wasn’t related to steel magnate Andrew Carnegie.
He grew up in grinding poverty. He was painfully shy because of his shabby clothes and down-home ways.
“I worried for fear girls would laugh at me if I tipped my hat to them.” he wrote in How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, his other bestseller.
The turning point in his life came when Carnegie encountered the Chautauqua movement. It was a late 19th century religious movement that prompted spiritual health through adult education.
Carnegie noticed the ability of the Chautauqua lecturers to enthrall crowds with their strong words. Carnegie began practicing, lecturing the livestock in his father’s barn for hours on the subjects of the day.
To test his public mettle, he then entered debate contests in school. The first time out, he lost. He lost the second time, too, and several other attempts after that.
But he kept trying, and after several attempts, he won. Other victories followed, and soon he built up enough confidence to hold forth on any topic.
Confronting Fears
Carnegie’s experience taught him that the only way to overcome fears was to confront them and not be discouraged by initial failures.
It was a lesson he needed.
Carnegie’s first jobs were as a traveling salesman. He sold everything from correspondence courses to hog lard. It was hard work, the hardest part being interacting with people and convincing them to buy his stuff. Those who could interact well succeeded more often than not, he noted.
It was the same thing with his brief acting career. Every night, he had to give the same performance to a new bunch of strangers- and make it convincing. Journalism and novel writing were similar, above all, he had to make his audience interested in what he had to say.
That can’t be done if the person trying to do the convincing doesn’t believe what he’s saying. Self-confidence, he reasoned, was the key not just in these pursuits but also in everything else.
Eventually, he got a job at the YMCA teaching the one thing he knew he could do: public speaking.
The YMCA was hesitant about giving him the job. It didn’t think Carnegie’s course was worth the $2-a-night salary he requested. To persuade YMCA officials, he struck a deal to work on commission. Soon he was pulling in $30 a night.
The essence of Carnegie’s job was getting his students to confront their fears of public speaking. Night after night, he simply made his students talk.
“The way to develop self-confidence, he said, is to do the thing you fear to do and get a record of successful experiences behind you,” wrote Lowell Thomas, a friend of Carnegie’s, in the original introduction of How to Win Friends and Influence people.
Carnegie’s books evolved from the speaking courses he taught. He collected the tales, anecdotes and aphorisms he used in a single volume. He wrote them in part because there were no other books he could rely on.
第⼀遍阅读：通篇快速浏览，捕捉全⽂⼤意
第⼀遍阅读的⽬的在于获取⽂章的主要信息，提⾼阅读效率，所以在阅读过程中，要抛开词典，保持阅读的连贯性和完整性。我们可以⽤⼤致⼗分钟的时间完成该⽂章的快速阅读，捕捉内容⼤意。
这是⼀篇关于戴尔卡耐基的成功历程的短⽂。他体验过早年事业和个⼈⽣活的种种挫折，到成功⼈⼠成功的关键，即⾃信，然后⾃强不息，百折不回，克服⾃⾝性格中的弱点，逐步成为演讲教师，著书⽴说。
在这⼀遍阅读中，⼀定会遇到⼀些语⾔障碍，包括陌⽣的词汇和⽣疏的表达，但要尽量避免因词害义。总之，第⼀遍阅读的要点是忽略细节，着眼总体。对于语⾔障碍，可以根据上下⽂语境进⾏猜测和推断。对⽂章逐层深⼊的理解有待于后⾯的步骤。
第⼆遍阅读：归纳形容词与名词的搭配
⼆到五遍是从词的伙伴关系层⾯加以把握，超越传统的模式，即超越把单词作为孤⽴的语⾔单位进⾏记忆和学习的模式。在英语学习中，最有效的语⾔单位不是单词，⽽是由单词搭配⽽构成的词组、短语。
You don't truly know a word until you have a clear idea of its partnership.（弄清词的伙伴关系之前你是⽆法真正了解⼀个词的含义的。）学习者们之所以往往感到⼤量掌握单词之后仍然在⼝语和书⾯表达中不会灵活使⽤，根本原因就在于学习时忽略了词语之间内在的伙伴关系，没有掌握单词的具体⽤法。英⽂词语之间的搭配潜⼒⽆穷、灵活多变，只有留意观察，才能确实掌握，才能达到灵活运⽤的境界。否则，仅凭机械记忆，背下再多的单词也是徒劳。
英语中的形容词表意功能极强，⽽且数量丰富。⼀⽅⾯，同⼀个形容词往往可以修饰许多不同的名词，表达完全不同的含义，如heavy，它的词义远不⽌“沉重的”，仅举⼏个搭配为例：heavy news（令⼈忧虑的消息），heavy fighting（激战），heavy demand（苛求），heavy fate（悲惨的命运），heavy schedule（排得很紧的⽇程表），heavy casualties（惨重的伤亡），heavy applause（热烈的⿎掌）等。
另⼀⽅⾯，不同的形容词可以修饰同⼀个名词，传达类似的含义，如表达“浓厚的兴趣”，习惯上great，
active，lively，deep，keen，intense，enormous等都可以和interest构成搭配。如果在阅读中注意积累，必将极⼤地丰富我们的积极词汇。
下⾯是例⽂中关于形容词与名词的精彩搭配，如下：
①His first marriage ended in a bitter divorce.
wrote怎么读
bitter divorce ：痛苦的离异
②He grew up in grinding poverty.
grinding poverty ：极度贫困
③He was painfully shy because of his shabby clothes and down-home ways.
shabby clothes ：破破烂烂的⾐服
down-home ways ：⼟⾥⼟⽓的样⼦
④Carnegie noticed the ability of the Chautauqua lecturers to enthrall crowds with their strong words.
strong words：激昂的⽂字
第三遍阅读：总结动词与名词的搭配
动宾搭配明显地体现出英语约定俗成的特点，如同样表⽰“提⾼”，不同的名词和不同的动词互相匹配：develop a
skill（提⾼技能），raise the standard（提⾼⽔平），enhance reputation（提⾼声誉）。此外，在英语的所有词性中，动词最为活跃，⼤量的动词具有强⼤的伙伴关系和组词功能，如kill: kill time（消磨时间），kill pain（⽌痛），kill the cigarette（掐灭⾹烟），kill the resolution（撤销决议），kill a news story（搁置⼀则新闻报道）等。
现将本⽂中有关动词与名词的搭配总结如下：
①Carnegie decided it was simple self-confidence. All it needed was to be built up and constantly reinforced.
build up and reinforce self-confidence ：树⽴并增强⾃信
②He studied the subject for years and later compiled his observations into his classic book about speaking and interacting with people.
compile observations ：将观察结果写成书
③Carnegie was an intensely shy man who never completely overcame his own fear of public speaking.
overcome fear ：克服恐惧
④The turning point in his life came when Carnegie encountered the Chautauqua movement.
encounter the movement ：偶然遇到这场运动
⑤It was a late 19th century religious movement that prompted spiritual health through adult education.
prompt spiritual health ：促进精神健康
⑥Carnegie noticed the ability of the Chautauqua lecturers to enthrall crowds with their strong words.
enthrall crowds ：迷住听众，征服听众
⑦To test his public mettle, he then entered debate contests in school.
test sb.’s public mettle ：考验某⼈⾯对公众的勇⽓
enter debate contests ：参加辩论竞赛
⑧To persuade YMCA officials, he struck a deal to work on commission.
strike a deal ：达成协议
⑨The essence of Carnegie’s job was getting his students to confront their fears of public speaking.

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