Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review
I. Teaching Objectives
In this unit, you will learn how to:
1.write a self-contained literature review
2.write a literature review as a part of an essay
3.cite sources by correct quotation and paragraphs
4.give the appropriate documentation to the source you use
5.avoid different kinds of plagiarism
6.identify common knowledge
7.acquire paraphrasing skills
8.enhance language skills related with reading and listening material presented in this unit
II. Teaching Procedures
1 Writing a literature review
Task 1
1 The four articles were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the topic of potential risks of nuclear radiation.   
2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and strength of radiation exposure. 
3 Amber Cornelio holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation
exposure will certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power.
4 Answers may vary. 
5 It seems that Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and phrases like “I am simply floored”, “let officials be oblivious”, “not to be outdone”, “Do not tell us about that”.
Hence it appears less reliable and trustworthy. 
Task 2
Compared with uranium which the production of conventional nuclear power needs, there is more lithium in the sea water which can support 30 million years’ fusion fuel.
Task 3
1 Review the previous related studies
2 State the previous studies’ limitation
3 Announce the direction for further studies
2 Writing a self-contained literature review
Task 1
1 Stigmatization, a kind of social rejection, is big challenge to the mentally ill. They are rejected by people because of the label they carry or that their behaviors indicate that they belong to a certain labeled group.
2 To report the past studies of the topic. Studies have proved that stigmatization of the mentally ill is caused by the public’s belief in myths about the dangerousness of the mentally ill and exposing those myths can reduce stigmatization.
3 Three articles.
4 Pescosolido & Tuch (2000) thought that a common respond to the mentally ill are rejection and fear of violence. Another article concluded that rejection and fear are caused by less contact with mentally ill. Alexander and Link (2003) found that any type of contact with mentally ill individuals reduced perceptions of dangerousness of the target.
5 1) What are major causes for the rejection and fear, and can they be reduced? 
2) This finding is verified by Alexander and Link (2003).
Task 2
Text 11
Title: Risks of Nuclear Power
Author(s): Bernard L. Cohen
Source: www.physics.isu.edu.
Summary: Radiation from nuclear power is feared  to have the potential of causing a cancer or some genetic diseases. This fear, however, is dismissed by Cohen after he compares artificial radiation and the radiation that occurs naturally in our environment, analyzing their respective impact on human health. Cohen separately discusses the different sources of nuclear power risks and arrives at the following conclusions: 1)  the probability of real reactor accidents, with the safety system of defense in depth, are extremely small; 2) radioactive waste, if properly handled, causes negligible damage; 3) other radiation problems, such as accidents in transportation or radon exposures in mining, are also not so threatening as they seem to be. In summary he believes that radiation due to nuclear power will cause much fewer cancers and deaths than coal burning. (130 words)
Text 12
Title: How Radiation Threatens Health
Author(s): Nina Bai
Source: Scientific American
Summary: Nina Bai addresses the widespread concerns over the health effects of radiation exposure in  the wake of Fukushima nuclear crisis. She discusses three determinative factors: the level, type and duration of radiation exposure. First, radiation sickness usually occurs when there is excessive dose of exposure, though the limits of radiation level differ for the general public, radiation workers, and patients going through medical radiation. Second, of the four types of ionizing radiation, gamma, X-ray, alpha, and beta, the latter two, albeit being lower energy, are more likely to cause health damage.  Third, a very high single dose of radiation can be more harmful than the same dosage accumulated over time. Finally, Bai draws on the lesson of Chernobyl, and concludes radiation exposure within reasonable limit is not so fearful and it is good to exercise caution. (136 words)

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。