begin和start区别
初中三年英语必备同义词辨析(附超详细讲解例句)
中考常考同义词辨析1.say, speak, talk, tell
这四个词都有“说”的意思,其用法差异主要在于各自强调的对象、内容不同。
(1) say的意思是“说”、“讲”、“说出”,是及物动词,强调“说”的内容。不仅可指口头“说”,而且可指书面“说”。
eg: ① He said nothing to me. 他对我什么也没说。
② He said in his letter that he was getting on well with his life.
他在信中说,他生活得很好。
(2) speak表“说”、“讲”,它可以表示任何一种方式的“说话”。它着重“说话”这一动作本身,而不强调所“说”的内容。它通常为不及物动词,但它也可以作及物动词,后接the language、the truth、aword等,或接表示语言名称的名词。
eg: ①Please speak more slowly and clearly. 请说慢些和清楚些。
②Who is speaking? 你是谁?(打电话时用语)
③Can you speak Japanese? 你会讲日语吗?
(3) talk表示“交谈”、“谈话”,它指连贯地与人交谈,着重指说话的动作,而不强调说话的内容。它一般用作不及物动词。
eg: ①What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?
②We are talking about the Chinese footballmatch.
我们在谈论中国足球比赛。
(4) tell表“告诉”、“讲述”之意,是及物动词,常强调所讲的内容,不表示动作。
重点句式:tell sb. sth = tell sth to sb. 告诉某人某事
eg: He told me nothing. = He toldnothing to me.
他什么也没告诉我。
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)去做某事
eg: He told us not to worry abouthim.
他告诉我们不要为他担心。
tell sb. +that-clause/who-clause 告诉某人……
eg: He told me that he was coming.
他告诉我说他要来。
固定搭配:sayhello/good bye/sorry to sb. 向某人问候/告别/道歉
say “ yes ” to sb . = agree with sb. 同意某人
say “ no ” to sb. = disagree with sb. 不同意某人
固定搭配:speak to sb. 对某人说话
speak highly of 称赞
speak one’s mind 说心里话; 直言不讳
固定搭配:talk with/to sb. 和某人谈话
talk about sb./sth. 谈论某人/某事
talk with sb. about sth. = talkabout sth. with sb. 和某人谈论某事
固定搭配:tell… from…区分,辨别
tell a story 讲故事
tell the truth 讲真话
2、spend, pay, cost, take
(1) spend vt. “花费(时间,精力,财力等)”,行为的主体只能是人,其常用结构是“sb. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 在……上花时间/金钱”。
eg: I spend two hours on myhomework every day.
=I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day.
我每天花两小时做家庭作业。
此外,spend 还有“度过”的意思,如 spend one’s holiday “度假”。

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