动词-ing形式与不定式的区别
1.作主语和表语的区别
动词-ing 作主语或表语表示的动作比较抽象,时间概念不强
动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的一次行为,尤其是指将来的动作
Smoking is forbidden here.(该指任何人抽烟的行为)
It’s no good for you to smoke so much.(具体指你抽烟的行为)
Her job is keeping the office clean. (经常性的动作)
Her job this afternoon is to clean the office. (具体的一次行为)
2.作定语的区别
–ing 形式表示正在进行的动作,不定式表示将要发生的动作
The old man sitting at the table wears a white shirt
The students to be interviewed are required to bring all the necessary papers two days later。
3.作宾语的区别
⑴.只能用动词不定式作宾语:afford,fail,wish,agree, ask, demand, determine, attempt, manage, plan, offer等
⑵.只能用动词-ing 形式作宾语
joy.finish.keep.miss.practise.suggest.sider.risk.mind 等
⑶.即可用动词-ing形式也可用不定式作宾语
a.意义相差不大
(一)一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词,如:like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,start,continue等
注:当begin和start使用进行时态时,后面常用不定式,另外动词understand,realize,see在begin和start之后,也常用不定式
She was beginning to get angry
在like , love , hate , prefer 等词后,动词-ing 形式常表示某种习惯或爱好,而不定式多表示 某个即将发生的具体行为。
(二)need,require,want,demand等动词作“需要”解时
need require doing
want demand + to be done
b.意义完全不同
begin和start区别remember doing 记得做过的事
remember to do 记得将要做的事
forget doing 忘记过去做的事
forget to do 忘记没做的事
mean doing 意味着做某事
mean to do 打算做..
regret doing 对已做过的事感到后悔
regret to do 对将要作的事表示遗憾
stop doing 停止正在做的事
stop to do 停下来做其它事
try doing 尝试做某事
try to do 设法做某事
go on doing 继续做同一件事
go on to do 继续做另外一件事
(4)动词-ing形式作介词to的宾语
admit to, be accustomed to (习惯于), be equal to(胜任), be / get used to, come near to(几乎要), get down to(着手), pay attention to, stick to, take to(喜欢), be given to(沉溺于), apply oneself to(致力于), be devoted to(专心于), be opposed to(反对), contribute to(有助于), look forward to, refer to, object to(反对), turn to(开始,着手), be related to
4.作宾补的区别
(1)动词-ing 形式作宾补表示动作正在进行的状态,或表示多次反复的动作。不定式作宾补表示动作的完成
I saw him waiting at the bus stop.
We saw her enter the building just now.
(2). have sb do sth 表示主语让某人做某事
have sb doing 表示句子主语不是有意让某人做某事,而是表示客观上的事实
注:allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend+doing
allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend+sb to do
5.作状语的区别:不定式常用来表示目的,结果和原因,尤其用来表示目的。而动词-ing形式除表示结果和原因外,还可以表示时间,条件, 方式和伴随
(1)作原因状语的区别
不定式多用在形容词之后,即位于句末较多,而动词-ing形式多用于句前
We are all glad to know you are fine.
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.
(2). 作结果状语的区别
不定式表示一个意外的结果,动词-ing表示意料之中的结果
He left, leaving nothing but debt.
They hurried to school, only to find that it was Sunday.
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