动词不定式和动名词作宾语
动词不定式和动名词均可在及物动词后面作宾语,但在使用过程中应注意以下几点:
一､依照惯用法,agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand和arrange等及物动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语｡例如:
What did they decide to do?他们决定干什么?
I hope to be back soon.我希望早点回家｡
二､依照惯用法, finish, enjoy, mind, keep, miss, avoid, consider, imagine, practise, delay,escape, excuse, allow, suggest等及物动词后面常接动名词作宾语｡例如:
We canfinish buildingthe bridge before the end of nextmonth.我们可以在下个月底之前建好这座桥｡
Would you mind opening the window?请您开一下窗户,好吗?
三､依照惯用法, prefer,hate, begin,start, continue, cease等及物动词后面跟动词不定式与跟动名词作宾语,意义上没有多大的差别｡例如:
After the teacher left the classroom, the students began to do/doing their homework.老师离开教室后,学生们开始做作业｡
They continued to read/reading English.他们继续读英语｡
但在下列情况下,宜用动词不定式作宾语,而不用动名词｡
1. like, love, prefer, hate等与would或should连用时｡例如:
I’d prefer to stay home to watch TV.我宁可呆在家里看电视｡
2. begin, start, continue等本身用的是进行体时｡例如:
She was starting to do her homework.她开始做作业｡
3. begin, start, cease, continue的主语是物而不是人时｡例如:
It began/started to rain.天开始下雨｡begin和start区别
The ice ceased to melt(融化) in winter.冬季冰不再融化｡
4. begin等及物动词后接know, understand, realize等表示心理状态的动词｡例如:
They began to realize theimportance oflearning aforeignlanguage well.他们开始意识到学好一门外语的重要性｡
四､下列动词后面既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但两种结构的意义有区别:
1. rember,forget, regret等后接动词不定式作宾语时,说明动词不定式表示的动作发生在后, rember等动词表示的动作发生在前;这些动词后接动名词作宾语时,说明动名词表示的动作发生在前, rember等动词表示的动作发生在后｡试比较:
Shetoldme togo andlock the door. She didn’t remberlocking the door after supper.她叫我去锁门,她不记得晚饭后锁过门了｡
Rember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom.你离开教室时,别忘记把所有
的灯关掉｡
2. try, mean, can’t help,go on等动词后接动词不定式和动名词时,意义有明显的差别:1) try后面的动词不定式是作目的状语,tryto do sth意为“尽力做某事”; try后面的动名词是作宾语, try doing sth意为“尝试做某事”｡例如:
He tried not to be late for the meeting.他争取开会不迟到｡
The soup is a little salty. Try adding some water to it.汤咸了点,加点水试试看｡2)mean后面的动词不定式和动名词都是作宾语｡meantodosth意为“打算(意图)做某事”; mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”｡例如:
They didn’t mean to go and help you.他们不打算去帮助你们｡
Hiswordsmeantgoingtohelpyouwithoutdelay.他的话意味着他将毫不迟疑地前去帮助你们｡
3) help后面的动词不定式和动名词都是作宾语｡can’t help to do sth意为“不能帮忙做某事”; can’t help doing sth意为“禁不住去做某事,情不自禁地做某事”｡例如:
I’m sorry I can’t help to clean the room.对不起,我不能帮助打扫房间｡
They couldn’thelplaughingwhen theyheard the joke.听到这个笑话,他们不禁大笑起来｡
4) go on后面的动词不定式是作目的状语｡go on to do sth意为“接下去做另一件事”;go on后面的动名词是作宾语｡go on doing sth意为“继续做同一件事”｡例如:
They went on to do some exercises after reading the text.读完课文后,他们接着做练习｡We went on doing our homework after he left.他走后我们继续做作业｡
五､need, want, require等动词后面跟动名词的主动形式和跟动词不定式的被动式,都表示被动意义｡试比较:
Your house needs repairing/to be repaired.你的房子需要维修｡
The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately.这个问题需要立即予以解决｡六､stop之后的动名词为宾语, stop之后的动词不定式为目的状语｡试比较:
We stopped working.我们停止工作｡
We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息一下｡
When it began to rain, we stopped working to have a rest.天开始下雨,我们停止工作,休息一下｡
在英语中，某些动词后面只能跟动词不定式作直接宾语。你只要记住了这句话，就有助你记住这些动词了：
“我和我的爸爸妈妈”。这句话里的每个字也可以代表这些动词的第一个字母:
W H W D E P P M M A
我—Wwant（想要）\和—Hhope (希望）\我—Wwish (希望）\的—DEdecide (决定）expect（期望）\爸爸—PPpromise (允诺）pretent（假装) \妈妈—M M Amean（打算）manage（设法）agree (同意）.
eg:
I want to be a teacher。我想当老师。
Do you wish to visit China again ?你希望再次访问中国吗？
Don't worry ! I'll manage to help you .别担心！我会设法帮助你的。
W H W D E P P M M A（我和我的爸爸妈妈）好记了吧，朋友？你能用这些动词造句吗？趣味是学习兴趣的向导，实践才是知识的用武之地，学了就要用，知识才能得到巩固和发展。

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