大部分都是,如: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke
瞬间性动词:
open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish
1、终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达 n.).
I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.
catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.
Take care not to get cold.
但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。
如:Brown has taken a slight cold.
注意下列句子:
I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)
I have had a cold for over a week.()
2、延续性动词:表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如:be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。
延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用;这类动词如用于进行时态,则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。
He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×)
He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.()
3、代替终止性动词的方法
a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词
1、用have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill
3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin
2“be+up”代get up
3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使
用中注意两者的区别,就能灵活应用了:)~
持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间.
常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等.
瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂.亦称终止性动词.
根据动词在句中当谓语与否,动词还可以分为限定动词和非限定动词。
限定动词
非限定动词
非谓语动词一般叫做非限定性动词,它是动词的非谓语形式,主要包括三个部分
a. 不定式 b. 动名词 c. 分词 分词又分为现在分词和过去分词
2. 不定式
a. 一般以to do的形式出现,它除了不能做谓语外,其他句子成分都可以做
b. 不定式作宾语非常重要,需要牢记,下面是常见的可以直接跟不定式作宾语的一些动词:
begin(开始) start (开始) decide(决定) hope(希望) wish(但愿) learn(学习)like(喜欢) love(喜爱) want(想要) try(尝试)ask(询问) plan(计划) manage(成功做) forget(忘记) hate(憎恨) mean(打算) need(需要) prefer(宁愿) remember(记得)
c. 不定式的否定形式只要再前面加not就可以了
d. 需要牢记下面的动词,他们在接不定式做宾语补足语的时候,可以省略to
see hear watch notice observe make
have let help
3.动名词
a. 动名词实际上是动词+ ing ,和现在分词形式一样的,兼有动词和名词的特点
b. 否定形式只要在它前面加上not就可以了
c. 一定要牢记下面经常接动名词的做宾语的动词
admit(承认) avoid(避免) consider(考虑)deny(否定) enjoy(喜欢)escape(逃脱) finish(完成) imagine(想象)include(包括)keep(保持)mind(介意)miss(失去)practice(练习)suggest(建议)give up(放弃)
4. 分词
a. 分词分成现在和过去分词
b. 现在分词表示正在进行,有主动的含义
过去分词表示已经完成,有被动的含义
c.否定式在其前面加not就可以了
d. 需要记住一些动词的分词已经转化为形容词
surprising(震惊的)astonishing(惊奇的) promising(应允的) pleasing(取悦的)shocking(震惊的) striking(震撼的) disappointing(失望的) exciting(激动的)interesting(有趣的) puzzling(迷惑的) regretting(遗憾的)alarming(警示的)
e.现在分词的完成时态为
begin和start区别having done 其被动语态是having been done
例:Tom likes cars. He enjoys ___model cars of all kinds.(2005 年上海中考题)
A. collects B. collecting
C. to collect D. collected
解析:本题考察动词后面跟哪种非谓语动词做宾语。如上所述,enjoy后面只跟动名词做宾语。所以选择B.
例:Don’t always make Michael ____this or that .He is already a big boy
, dear ,”Mr. Bush said to his wife.(2003年上海中考题)
A. do B. to do
C. does D. did
解析:本题考察不定式做宾语补足语的情况。如上所述,see hear watch notice observe make have let help接不定式做宾语补足语的时候,省略to。所以本题选择 A.
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned english since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, mov
e to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+"表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has "表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when
表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等.

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