第2讲
第2篇
1. empower vt.使（某人）有更多的权力做某事；正式授权
[用法点睛]：    empower sb. to do赋予某人做某事的权力
be empowered to do sth. 有权力做某事；被赋予做某事的权力
如：The first thing in empowering the poor is making sure they vote.
扩大穷人权力的第一件事就是确保他们有选举权。
        The new laws empowered the police to stop anybody in the steet.
新法赋予警察在街上阻拦任何人的权利。
        When were women empowered to vote in this country?
在这个国家，妇女是何时被赋予选举权的？
2. motivate vt. 激发；促使；成为（某人做某事的）动机
[用法点睛]：motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事；构成某人做某事的动机
如：We may never know what motivated him to kill his wife.
我们可能永远不知道是什么促使他杀了他的妻子。
He motivated the students to work hard. 他激励学生努力学习。
[同根词]：motivation n. [C U] 动机；诱因
3. development n. [U] 发展；发育；显影
[同根词]：
① develop vt. vi. 发展；生长；开发（土地等资源）；冲洗（胶卷）
[用法点睛]：    develop into 发展成为
                  develop from由……发展而来
如：The child is developing well. 这孩子发育良好。
Chicago developed into a big city in the late 1800s.
芝加哥在19世纪晚期发展成为一座大城市。
It’s hard to believe that a tree can develop from a small seed.
很难相信一棵树竟然是从一粒渺小的种子长成。
② developing adj.发展中的
③ developed adj. 发达的
如： The United States is a developed country while China is a developing country.
美国是发达国家，而中国是发展中国家。
[高考链接] As the story___________, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. 
      A. begins                B. happens            C. ends                D. develops
[答案解析] D 本句意为“随着故事的发展，关于奇怪人物的真相慢慢被发掘出来”。begin开始；happen发生；end结束
4. closely adv. 紧密地；密切地；接近地
如：You resemble your mother very closely.你和你的妈妈很像。
resemble vt.相似
[同根词]：close adj. 近的；靠近的；（关系）密切的；亲密的；adv.位置近地；vt. vi.关；关闭；停止营业
[高考例句] I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said "Ni Hao," just as I might do in China. 我走地足够近时，听到他们正在说汉语，就说“你好！”，就像我在中国可能会做的一样。
[辨析] closely adv. 紧密地；密切地；接近地
motivate用法和短语
          close adv.位置近地
如：Political activity is closely controlled.政治活动受到严密的控制。
English and German are closely related.英语和德语关系很密切。
Come a little closer, so you can see better.走近点，以便于能看得更清楚。
When he saw Mary, he came close to her.当他看到玛丽时，就走近她。
[短语] come close to (doing sth.)几乎要做某事
如：He came close to falling down. 他几乎摔倒。
5. hang
① vt. vi.（hung, hung）悬挂；吊
[短语] hang on （打电话时）不挂断；等待片刻
hang out with sb.常与某人一起玩
如：She hung the clothes on the washing line.她把衣服挂在晾衣绳上。
There was a family photo hanging on the wall.墙上有幅家庭照片。
I don’t really know who she hangs out with.我真地不清楚她经常和谁一起玩。
② vt. (hanged, hanged)绞死，吊死（某人）
如：He was hanged for murder. 他因为谋杀被绞死了。
6. identify vt. 确认；证明（某人身份）；认为某物与另一物等同
[用法点睛] identify sb./sth. as sb./sth. 确认某人为……；确认某物为……
identify sth. with sth. 认为某物与某物相同
identify with sb. 认同某人；同情某人
如：He was too far away to be able to identify faces.离地太远，他无法看清面目。
The police identified the gunman as a middle-aged man. 警察确认手是一个中年男人。
One can not identify happiness with wealth. 一个人不能将幸福与财富划等号。
I found it hard to identify with any of the roles in the film.
我发现很难认同这部电影中的任何角。
[同根词]：identity  n. [C U] 身份；特性；同一性；一致
identification n. [U] 鉴别；识别
ID card=identity/identification card
7. raise vt. 举起；使升高；饲养；养育；筹款；募捐
如：William raised his hat and smiled at her.威廉举起他的帽子，向她微笑。
        Many shops have raised their prices.很多商店提高了价格。
Stan’s dad died, leaving his mother to raise three sons alone.
斯坦的父亲去世了，留下他妈妈独自抚养三个孩子。
They hope to raise $1 million to buy land.他们希望能筹集到一百万美元买地。
He did not raise the question again.他没有再提那个问题。
[比较] rise vi. (rose, risen) 升起；上升；站起；起床
如：The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
Then she picked up her bag and rose to leave.然后她拿起包，起身离开。
House prices in this area rose from 3,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan per square meters, but now they are falling.这个地区的房价曾从每平3000元涨到30000元，但现在正在跌。
Sales rose by 20% over the Christmas period.销售额在圣诞期间增长了20%。
8. allow vt. 准许；允许
[用法点睛] allow doing 允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow sb. sth./allow sth. to sb.允许某人（拥有）某物
allow for将……考虑在内
如：We don’t allow smoking in our house.我们不允许在房间里抽烟。
The boss doesn’t allow him to use the phone. 老板不允许他用电话。
Allow yourselves plenty of time to get to the airport.给你自己留出去机场的足够时间。
It will take us half an hour to get the station, allowing for traffic delay.
考虑到路上耽搁，去车站要花我们半小时的时间。
9. direct
① vt.指路；指导；引导；指挥；导演
如：He directed me to a hotel near the airport. 他指引我到机场附近的一家旅馆。
The guide direct our attention to the other picture.导游将我们的注意力引向另一幅画。
She directed a group of workers. 她指挥一工人。
The movie was directed by Feng Xiaogang. 那部电影是冯小刚导演的。
② adj.直接的；直达的
如：I’m not in direct contact with them.我和他没有直接的联系。
Women often feel men are too direct.女士常常感觉男士太直接了。

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