Unit 6. Teaching Grammar
50. What are grammar presentation methods? 演示法
Deductive method演义/推论法; Inductive method归纳/诱导法
51. Deductive method
1). Definition: It relies on reasoning, analyzing and comparing.
2). Steps: giving rules/definition------giving examples
For example: (plural) “-s” s, x, ch.
“-es” …y. –ies
a book    a bus
a body
books buses
bodies
3). Advantages:To be successful with selected and motivated主动的students;
To save time;
To help to increase students’ confidence in some exam.
4). Disadvantages: To teach grammar in the isolated way;
To pay little attention to meaning;
To be often mechanical practice.
method英语
52. Inductive method
1).Definition: It relies on inducing诱导
2). Steps: give examples-----induce rules
3). For example:(plural)“-s” s, x, ch.
“-es” …y. –ies
a book    a bus
a body
books buses
bodies
4). Advantages: Inductive method is more effective in that students
discover the grammar rules themselves while engaged in language use, 53. Ur’s definition of grammar practice:
"Practice may be defined as any kind of engaging with结合/保证the language on the part of the learner, usually under the teacher supervision, whose primary objective(aim/task) is to consolidate learning "(Ur, 1988:11).
54. Ur’s six factors contribute to successful grammar practice:
1) Pre-learning.
2) Volume and repetition(容量/重复).
3) Success-orientation成功性联系.
4) Heterogeneity多样性.
5) Teacher assistance.
6) Interest.
55. Two categories of grammar practice: Mechanical practice
Meaningful practice.
1).Mechanical practice involves activities that are aimed at form
accuracy.
Two drills in mechanical practice:
(1) Substitution drills in mechanical practice: the students
substitute a part in a structure so that they get to know how that
part functions in a sentence. Sometimes certain prompts are given.
For example (p64):
(2) Transformation drills in mechanical practice::the students
change a given structure in a way so that they are exposed to
another similar structure. The type of exercise also helps the
students to have a deeper understanding of how the structures are
formed and how they are used.
For example (p65):
2). Meaningful practice.
In meaningful practice the focus is on the production,
comprehension or exchange meaning though the students "keep an eye on" the way newly learned structures are used in the process.
Meaningful practice usually comes after mechanical practice. 56. Using prompts for meaningful practice: (提示/刺激物，题词). This kind of practice is usually meaningful practice
1). Using picture prompts. Ss produce sentences based on the pictures provided
2). Using mime or gestures as prompts.
asked to produce language based on pictures and key phrases
(words) provided by the teacher.
For example(p69).
5). Using chained phrases for story telling. Here is an example.
7 o'clock -- got up -- had breakfast -- hurried to school -- school closed-- surprised --?
6). Using created situations.

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