【oracle学习】8.PLSQL练习
前⾔
我们以下的所有操作均在PL/Sql Developer⼯具上完成:
我们以下的表操作可能会基于以下两张表:
我们创建⼀个员⼯表和部门表:
员⼯信息表
create table EMP(
EMPNO NUMBER,
ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
JOB VARCHAR2(9),
MGR NUMBER,
HIREDATE DATE,
SAL BINARY_DOUBLE,
COMM BINARY_DOUBLE,
DEPTNO NUMBER
);
其中job是职位，mgr是该员⼯的上司的id，sal是⼯资，comm是提成，deptno是所属部门。
SQL> select * from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO --------------- -------------------- ------------------ --------------- -------------- ----- ----- ---------------
1110 张三 主管 1110 12-3⽉ -14 5200 0 20
1111 李四 销售 1116 03-11⽉-15 3400 500 30
1112 王五 销售 1116 25-4⽉ -12 4400 800 30
1113 赵⼆ 后勤 1110 30-5⽉ -11 3450 0 40
1114 李磊磊 会计 1110 22-12⽉-15 2500 0 50
1115 张少丽 销售 1110 11-3⽉ -16 2400 1400 30
1116 林建国 主管 1116 22-1⽉ -16 5700 0 20
1117 马富邦 后勤 1116 22-7⽉ -13 2800 0 40
1118 沈倩 会计 1116 06-5⽉ -10 2100 0 50
部门表
create table dept(
DEPTNO NUMBER,
DNAME VARCHAR2(50)
)
;
SQL> select * from dept t;
DEPTNO DNAME
-------- --------
20 管理部门
30 销售部门
40 后勤部门
50 ⾦融部门
(1)实例1：统计每年⼊职的员⼯个数
可能⽤到的sql:
select to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from emp;
语句:
declare
cursor cemp is select to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') from emp;
phiredate varchar2(4);
--计数器(2010-2016的⼊职⼈数统计)
count10 number := 0;
count11 number := 0;
count12 number := 0;
count13 number := 0;
count14 number := 0;
count15 number := 0;
count16 number := 0;
begin
open cemp;
loop
--取⼀个数据
fetch cemp into phiredate;
exit when cemp%notfound;
--判断
if phiredate = '2010' then count10:=count10+1;
elsif phiredate = '2011' then count11:=count11+1;
elsif phiredate = '2012' then count12:=count12+1;
elsif phiredate = '2013' then count13:=count13+1;
elsif phiredate = '2014' then count14:=count14+1;
elsif phiredate = '2015' then count15:=count15+1;
else count16:=count16+1;
end if;
end loop;
close cemp;
--输出
dbms_output.put_line('total:'||(count10+count11+count12+count13+count14+count15+count16)); dbms_output.put_line('2010:'||count10);
dbms_output.put_line('2011:'||count11);
dbms_output.put_line('2012:'||count12);
dbms_output.put_line('2013:'||count13);
dbms_output.put_line('2014:'||count14);
dbms_output.put_line('2015:'||count15);
dbms_output.put_line('2016:'||count16);
end;
/
结果
(2)实例2：涨⼯资
为员⼯涨⼯资，从最低⼯资调起，每⼈涨10%，但⼯资总额不能超过5万元，
请计算涨⼯资的⼈数和涨⼯资后的⼯资总额，并输出涨⼯资⼈数和⼯资总额。
可能⽤到的sql:
select empno,sal form emp order by sal;
select sum(sal) from emp;
语句:
declare
psal emp.sal%type;
pno%type;
s_sal emp.sal%type; --总⼯资数
counts number := 0; --涨⼯资的⼈数
cursor cemp is select empno,sal from emp order by sal;
begin
select sum(sal) into s_sal from emp;
open cemp;
loop
exit when s_sal+psal*0.1>50000;
fetch cemp into pempno,psal;
exit when cemp%notfound;
update emp set sal=sal+sal*0.1 where empno=pempno;
counts := counts+1;
s_sal:=s_sal+psal*0.1;
end loop;
close cemp;
dbms_output.put_line('涨⼯资⼈数:'||counts);
dbms_output.put_line('⼯资总额:'||s_sal);
end;
/
运⾏前:
运⾏后:
(3)实例3：统计⼯资段
⽤PL/SQL语⾔编写⼀程序，实现按部门分段(6000以上、(6000,3000)、3000元以下) 统计各⼯资段的职⼯⼈数、以及各部门的⼯资总额(⼯资总额不包括奖⾦)，参考如下格式:
可能⽤到的sql:
select sal form emp where deptno=??;
select sum(sal) from emp where deptno=??;
我们⼀共有5个部门。
语句:
⽅法1(没有⽤到带参数的光标)：
declare
psal emp.sal%type;
pdeptno emp.deptno%type;
cursor cemp is select sal,deptno from emp order by deptno;
counts201 number := 0;counts202 number := 0;counts203 number := 0; s20_sal number := 0;
counts301 number := 0;counts302 number := 0;counts303 number := 0; s30_sal number := 0;
counts401 number := 0;counts402 number := 0;counts403 number := 0; s40_sal number := 0;
counts501 number := 0;counts502 number := 0;counts503 number := 0; s50_sal number := 0;
begin
open cemp;
loop
fetch cemp into psal,pdeptno;
exit when cemp%notfound;
if pdeptno='20'
then
s20_sal:=s20_sal+psal;
if psal<3000 then
counts201:=counts201+1;
elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
counts202:=counts202+1;
else
counts203:=counts203+1;
end if;
elsif pdeptno='30'
then
s30_sal:=s30_sal+psal;
if psal<3000 then
counts301:=counts301+1;
elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
counts302:=counts302+1;
else
counts303:=counts303+1;
end if;
elsif pdeptno='40'
then
s40_sal:=s40_sal+psal;
if psal<3000 then
counts401:=counts401+1;
elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
counts402:=counts402+1;
else
counts403:=counts403+1;
end if;
elsif pdeptno='50'
then
s50_sal:=s50_sal+psal;
if psal<3000 then
counts501:=counts501+1;
elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
counts502:=counts502+1;
else
counts503:=counts503+1;
end if;
end if;
plsql developer怎么执行语句end if;
end loop;
close cemp;
dbms_output.put_line('部门⼩于3000数 3000-6000 ⼤于6000 ⼯资总额');
dbms_output.put_line('20 '||counts201||' '||counts202||' '||counts203||' '||s20_sal); dbms_output.put_line('30 '||counts301||' '||counts302||' '||counts303||' '||s30_sal); dbms_output.put_line('40 '||counts401||' '||counts402||' '||counts403||' '||s40_sal); dbms_output.put_line('50 '||counts501||' '||counts502||' '||counts503||' '||s50_sal); end;
/
⽅法2(⽤到了带参数的光标)：
declare
--部门
dbms_output.put_line('部门⼩于3000数 3000-6000 ⼤于6000 ⼯资总额');
cursor cdept is select deptno from dept;
pdno dept.deptno%type;
--部门中的员⼯
cursor cemp(dno number) is select sal from emp where deptno=dno;
psal emp.sal%type;
--各个段的⼈数
count1 number;count2 number;count3 number;
--部门的⼯资总额
salTotal number;
begin
open cdept;
loop
--取部门
fetch cdept into pdno;
exit when cdept%notfound;
--初始化
count1 :=0;count2:=0;count3:=0;
select sum(sal) into salTotal from emp where deptno=pdno;
-
-取部门中的员⼯
open cemp(pdno);
loop
fetch cemp into psal;
exit when cemp%notfound;
--判断
if psal<3000 then count1:=count1+1;
elsif psal>=3000 and psal<6000 then count2:=count2+1;
else count3:=count3+1;
end if;
end loop;
close cemp;
--输出
dbms_output.put_line(pdno||' '||count1||' '||count2||' '||count3||' '||nvl(salTotal,0));
end loop;
close cdept;
end;
/
结果:
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