英语动词第三人称单数变化规则及
名词单数变复数口诀
一、动词的第三人称单数现在式变化规则:
1)一般由动词原形加-s
get-gets play-plays
2)以e结尾的动词，加-s
like-likes make-makes
3)以o结尾的动词加-es
go-goes do-does
4)以s, x, ch, sh等字母结尾的动词，后面加-es
kiss-kisses fix-fixes teach-teaches fish-fishes
5)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变i, 再加-es
fly-flies study-studies
6) have –has
1、一般现在时
①主语+动词原型V
I have a friend. You have a friend. We have a friend.
They have a friend.
②主语(第三人称单数)+动词V(三单)
She / He / It has a friend.
Tom / My mother has a friend.
2.不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表
（一）、AAA. (原形，过去式和过去分词一致)
1. 花费 cost cost cost 2. 割 cut cut cut 3. 伤害 hurt hurt hurt
4. 让 let let let 5. 放 put put put 6. 朗读 read read read
7. 设置 set set set 8.打击，碰撞 hit hit hit
9.关上门窗 shut shut shut 10.让 let let let
（二）、ABB(过去式和过去分词一致)
1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought
1. 带来 bring brought brought 2. 买 buy bought bought
3. 打架 fight fought fought 4. 想 think thought thought
5. 寻、探究 seek sought sought
2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught
5. 抓住 catch caught caught 6. 教 teach taught taught
t替换原形-d
3) 过去式、过去分词-
7. 建筑 build built built 8. radio复数借出 lend lent lent
9. 花费 spend spent spent 10.派遣 send sent sent 4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d
11. 学会 learn learnt/ed learnt/ed 12. 意思 mean meant meant
13. 燃烧 burn burnt/ed burnted 13. 做梦 dream dreamt/ed dreamt/ed 13. 处理 deal dealt dealt
14. 听 hear heard heard
5) 过去式、过去分词改为-ept
15. 保持 keep kept kept 16. 睡觉 sleep slept slept
17. 扫 sweep swept swept
6) 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
18. 感觉 feel felt fel 19. 嗅 smell smelt/ed smelt/ed 20. 拼写 spell spelt/ed spelt/ed 7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid
20. 孵蛋 lay laid laid 21. 说 say said said 22. 支付 pay paid paid
8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old
23. 卖 sell sold sold
24. 告诉 tell told told
9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood
25 站 stand stood stood
26.明白 understand understood understood
10) 其它变化
27.得到 get got got(gotten) 28.坐 sit sat sat
29.照顾 babysit babysat babysat 30.离开 leave left left
31.失去 lose lost lost 32.到 find found found
33.有 have(has) had had 34.握住，召开 hold held held
35.制造 make made made 36.悬挂 hang hung hung
37.照耀 shine shone shone 39.赢 win won won
40逃跑 flee fled fled 41喂feed fed fed
42.引导，导致 lead led led 43遇见 meet met met
三、ABA (过去式与原形一致)
1.变成 become became become
2. 来 come came come 3. 跑 run ran run 四、ABC (原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样)
1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en
1. 击败 beat beat beaten
2. 破坏 break broke broken
3. 驾驶 drive drove driven
4. 吃 eat ate eaten
5. 落下 fall fell fallen
6. 给 give gave given
7. 生长 grow grew grown
8. 知道 know knew known
9. blow blew blown
10. 扔 throw threw thrown
11. 展示 show showed shown
12.弄错，错误 mistake mistook mistaken 13. 拿 take took taken
14.摇动 shake shook shaken 15. 说 speak spoke spoken
16. 选择 choose chose chosen
2) 三种形式都有变化
1. 是 be( is, am, are ) was/were been 2. 开始 begin began begun
3. 做 do did done 4. 喝 drink drank drunk 5. 飞fly flew flown
6. 忘记 forget forgot forgotten(forgot) 7. 躺 lie lay lain
8. 骑 ride rode ridden 9. 打电话 ring rang rung
10. 唱 sing sang sung 11. 穿 wear wore worn 12. 游泳 swim swam swum
13. 写 write wrote written 14. 去 go went gone
语法（Grammar）
一、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成:助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词 过去分词的构成方法如下 : A:1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. worked answered obeyed wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. moved hoped divided
3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed. studied tidied satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed.
stopped regretted dropped B: Learn the verb list on P122.
二、现在完成时的用法
1、现在完成时的 "完成用法"
现在完成时的 "完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如: He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 -- 灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时 "完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如: already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如: never ， ever ， once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如: this morning / month / ， today 等 ) 连用。 例如: Have you found your pen yet ,你已到你的钢笔了吗, 2、现在完成时的 " 未完成用法 "
现在完成时的 " 未完成用法 " 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如:1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。 ( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。 ( 动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如: up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。例如: I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
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