简单将来时的用法
French has two future tenses -- the futur proche and the futur simple.
The futur proche is formed with the auxiliary aller which is followed
by an infinitive (Je vais partir. 'I'm going to leave'). The futur simple
doesn't have an auxiliary. Instead, the infinitive form becomes the stem
to which future endings are added (Je partirai. 'I will leave'). For more
details on the formation of these two future tenses, including irregular
forms, see the related links: future: regular, future: irregular, and
futur proche.
1. futur proche vs. futur simple（最近将来时与简单将来时）
The two tenses are virtually interachangeable in most contexts,
especially in spoken French. So what is the difference? In general, the
two tenses differ in their level of formality; the future proche is used
in more informal contexts and the simple future in more formal contexts.
Thus, the futur proche is primarily used in speech and less frequently in
writing. According to traditional grammars, the two tenses also differ in
their relative distance to the present moment. The future proche, also
called the futur immédiat, typically refers to a time very close to the
present moment, i.e, the near or immediate future. The futur simple, on
the other hand, is often used for events in the more distant future.
Because the futur simple is associated with distant future events, it
often takes on a detached, objective quality making it the preferred
tense for future events that represent general truths.
Qui vivra, verra.          Whoever will live, will see.
represent的用法L'homme sera toujours l'homme.    Man will always be man.
(Boys will be boys.)
The two tenses also indicate a difference in the speaker's perception of
the future event. The futur proche indicates that the speaker is relatively
certain that the future event will actually happen.In contrast, the futur
simple indicates that the speaker is less certain of the future event
coming to pass. Let's imagine a context to make this distinction more
clear. Suppose that a very disturbed man has just climbed out onto the
ledge of a skyscraper. The man begins to lose his balance. A horrified
onlooker sees the man beginning to teeter and screams:
Il va tomber!      He's going to fall!
Il tombera!          He will fall!
In this scenario, first sentence, the one in the near future, sounds more
plausible in French and in English. Why? Because when someone loses his
balance, he will invariably fall. In this case, the tense indicates both
the immediacy of the future event as well as its inevitability in the
mind of the speaker. Of course, speakers are usually more certain about
the immediate future and less certain about the distant future. Does this
mean that certainty and distance to the present always go together? Not
exactly. One can be certain about events in the distant future too. For
example, look at the following sentences in French and in English and try
to imagine the different contexts in which they would be appropriate.
Je vais avoir un enfant!      I'm gonna have a baby!
J'aurai un enfant!          I will have a baby!
In the first sentence, the speaker is either pregnant or has just received
confirmation from an adoption agency. Whatever the case may be, the speaker
knows for certain that she will become a parent and indicates the
inevitability of the future event via the futur proche. But note that
even though the speaker is certain about the future event, the event is
not likely to happen immediately. In the second sentence, the speaker is
stating her desire to either get pregnant or to adopt a child of her own.
In this sentence the time frame for the future event is left open--maybe
she will get pregnant tomorrow, maybe she won't. Now consider the
following dialogue in which Tex's sister Rita discovers she's going to
have a baby. Can you explain the choice of future tense?
Rita, qui a déjà plusieurs enfants, passe un test de grossesse pour
savoir si elle est enceinte. Elle sort de sa chambre.
Rita, who already has several children, takes a pregnancy test to find
out if she is pregnant. She comes out of her bedroom.
Rita: Oh . . . Bon Dieu. Le test est positif. Je vais encore avoir quatre
enfants de plus!

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