宾语从句和定语从句讲解
（一）that 引导的宾语从句
宾语从句的引导连词有 that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why, whether, if
可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree.
1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成
I        heard      that    he would come here later on.
主语    谓语动词    引导词  一个句子作宾语
2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应
（a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态
例如：I believe（that）you did your best for that.
    I believe（that）you will do your best for that.
(b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态）
例如：I hear that  he will   come here later on .
I heard that he would  come here later on.
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
  (c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。
例如：My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
That 引导的定语从句和that 引导的宾语从句的区别
定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句
一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that来引导represent的用法
如：Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat 
He found the girl that we’re looking for.
Please show me the photo that you like best. 
关系代词that在从句中可充当主语或者是宾语，在当关系代词在句中充当定语从句的宾语时，常常省略。
He found the girl （that） we are looking for.
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
__________________________________________________________
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
__________________________________________________________
4. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.
__________________________________________________________
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
__________________________________________________________
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
__________________________________________________________
That 引导的宾语从句
He promised that he would never make that mistake again
We all believe the promise that he made to us
宾语从句中that为连词，不充当任何成分，可以省略
定语从句中that为关系代词，充当从句的主语或者是宾语,充当宾语时可以省略
选择填空：
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. that    B. which    C. whom        D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose    B. that    C. whom    D. which
3. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
A. which    B. that        C. whom        D. as
4. Where is the man ____ I met this morning
A. when    B. where    C. which    D. /
5. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to    D. who the nurse is talking
6. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed    B. you showed him       
C. you showed      D. where you showed
7. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you
A. that        B. whom    C. when    D. whose
8. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
    A. that, what        B. what, that        C. which, what        D. that, which
9 He found ____the book ____is about Australia is very interesting
A what, when    B that, where    C that, /    D /, that
10 I am very happy ____ I was chosen to represent our school to take part in the competition
A. what      B why      C which      D that
注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句
主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，
但有些情况例外。
a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or not
c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether
特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。
. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you
特殊情况
当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。
人称的变化和标点的使用
a. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk I don‟t know. →I don‟t know who will give us a talk.

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