虚拟语气用法总结大全
一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
从句
主句
例句
与现在事实相反的假设
If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had）
主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.
与过去事实相反的假设
If +主语+had+过去分词
主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
与将来事实相反的假设
1If+主语+动词过去式
2If+主语+were to+动词原形
3If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)
主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
二．虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）
常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，request请求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer宁愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等
Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。
He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。
在It is/was +上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中
It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。
当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时
My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。
The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 
在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等
It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。
It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。
在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中
It is a pity that you fail the exam.
It is no wonder he be late for class.
三． 虚拟语气的其他用法
在wish后面的宾语从句中
对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时
I wish I were a little younger.
对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+现在完成时”
I wish I had been there.
I wish I had not attended that party.
对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”
I wish he could explain what he means.
在if only感叹句中
表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情彩。
If only the rain would stop. (将来)
If only I were taller. (现在)
If only I had followed your advice! (过去)
在as if/as though引导的从句中
表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时
I really don’t like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father.
表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时
He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself.
有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性
It is becoming dark. It looks as if it’require名词s going to rain.
It seems as if he had been to America.
在would rather结构中
would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”
I would rather go there tomorrow.
He would rather not stay at home tonight.
would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”
She would rather not have gone to the party.
would rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend.
would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”
I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.
在 It is (about, high) time+(that)从句中
从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。
It is high time that we began to work.
错综时间条件句
如果条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
If I If you had studied hard before, you would be a college  college student now.
省  IF 省略句
在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式
If I  If I were at school again, I would study harder  → Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.  →Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.  →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
1. — If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.       
—What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (2005 湖南)     
A. is              B. was        C. would be      D. has been
2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)   
A. wouldn't have fallen  B. had not fallen          C. should fall  D. were to fall
3. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (2001 上海春)
  A. had scored    B. scored      C. would score    D. would have scored 
4. You didn't let me drive. If we _____in turn, you_____ so tired. (NMET96)
A. drove; didn't get          B. drove; wouldn't get
C. were driving; wouldn't get  D. had driven; wouldn't have got
5. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. (1994全国) 
A. has come          B. did come      C. came              D. had come
6. -----If he__________, he __________that food.
------Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (MET93) 
A. was warned; would not take              B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; would not have taken    D. would have been warned; had not taken
7. If it_____ for the snow, we_____ the mountain yesterday. (MET91)
A. were not; could have climbed              B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed          D. had not been; could climb
8. Without electricity human life____ quite different today. (MET91)
A. is          B. will be        C. would have been        D. would be

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