名词性从句思维导图
表一：主语从句
表一：主语从句
表一：主语从句
（1） 由连词that引导的主语从句。
require名词That you will win the medal seems unlikely.  你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.  她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹
（2） 用连接代词或连接副词或 whether 引导的主语从句。
Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.  他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.  他们什么时候来还不知道。
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.  她来不来都无关紧要。
（3） 用关系代词引导的主语从句。
What you need is more practice.  你所需要的是更多的训练。
Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。
Whatever we do is to serve the people.  我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。
固定用法和译法
固定用法和译法
（1） It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is good news that … ……是好消息
It is a question that … ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that … ……是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。
（2） It is +形容词+从句
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is clear that … 很清楚……
It is likely that … 很可能……
It is important that … 重要的是……
类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.
It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry.  很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她是否能来令人怀疑。
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .
周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
很明显我们不能这样下去了。
（3） It is +过去分词+从句
It is said that … 据说……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证明……
It must be proved that… 必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.
It is thought that he is the best player. 大家都认为他是最好的选手。
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. 过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车
（4） It +不及物动词+从句
It seems that … 好像是……
It happened that… 碰巧……
It follows that … 由此可见……
It has turned out that … 结果是……
类似的不及物动词还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out, etc.
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果是无人记得那个地址。
It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.
看起来他们急需帮助。
It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.
没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。
（当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。）
例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.
让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。
It does not interest me whether you go or not.
我对你去不去不感兴趣。
It +某些固定结构+ 主语从句。
例如：It doesn’t make too much difference （It doesn’t make any difference / It doesn’t alter the situation），whether it rains or not . 下不下雨都没有多大关系。
It does not make any difference whether it rains or not .  下不下雨没什么分别。
It does not make the least difference to me what you do.  对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。
Is it of much consequence to you that Mr. Wang has failed to do it ? 王先生没有做成这件事对你有什么重要影响吗？
3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
表二：宾语从句
表二：宾语从句
表二：宾语从句
一、宾语从句的连接词
1. 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.
2. 连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
a.在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
b.在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
c.与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
 
eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
二、宾语从句的语序
陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”
特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who do we have to see?（╳）
Can you tell me who we have to see?（ √）
The teacher asked the students what they were doing. （ √）
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”
→ She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。
Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him.
→ I asked him where the tickets are.
三、时态呼应。
如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；
如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）
eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （╳）
I thought （that） you would be free today. （ √）
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.
四、注意宾语从句的语气
1. 宾语从句一般用陈述语气，但是，当主句的谓语动词为advise, insist(坚决主张), suggest(建议), require, request, order, ask(要求)等表示请求、命令、要求、主张意义的动词时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用“should+动词原形”(should往往可以省略)。
she insisted that he (should) go there with her. 她坚决要求他跟她一起去那儿。
The doctor suggested that she (should) take more exercise every day. 医生建议她每天多进行锻炼。
2. 但当insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示、表明”，ask表示“问”时，宾语从句用陈述语气
He insisted that he didn’t steal her watch. 他坚持说他没有偷她的手表。
His smile suggested that he did well in the interview. 他的微笑表明他面试得很好。
3. 动词wish 后的宾语从句也要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用过去式(针对现在情况而言)、过去完成时(针对过去情况而言)或用“would / should / could / might +动词原形”(针对将来情况而言)。
I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鸟。
I wish we lived on the moon now. 我希望我们现在住在月亮上。
五、注意宾语从句的否定问题
当否定宾语从句时，一般直接对从句的谓语动词进行否定。
I know that he won’t tell a lie to us. 我知道他不会对我们说谎。
He said he hadn’t been to america before. 他说他以前没有去过美国。
但是，当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine 等，若时态为一般现在时，谓语动词前又没有副词修饰时，宾语从句的否定应该转移到主句的谓语动词上。如：I don’t think that he will come to help us today. 我想他今天不会来帮我们的忙了。

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