动名词
require名词动名词: 是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样。动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
一. Structure： doing
Negative： not doing
2. 时态和语态
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（一般式）
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（被动式）
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。（完成式）
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（完成被动式）
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。（否定式）
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（被动式）
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。（完成式）
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（完成被动式）
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。（否定式）
主动语态 | 被动语态 | ||
ing | 一般式 | doing | Being done |
完成式 | having done 不做定语 | having been done 不做定语 | |
三. 在句中承担的成分:
1. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作表语4. 作定语
四、动名词的句法功能：
1. 动名词作主语：当用动名词做主语时，谓语动词多用单数的形式。动名词做主语多是考察在it 做形式主语的句式中，常考的句式为：It is/was + no good/ no use/ useless/ a waste/ worth/ worthwhile etc. + doing . 以及There is no +doing。
Talking like that is not polite.那样谈话不礼貌。
Learning from others is important .向别人学习很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good .多穿衣服不一定好。
动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难。
2. 动名词作宾语
① 下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, permit。
Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟。
I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书。
Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗？
She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮。
② 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in. doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。
③ 介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。
近年高考题中，出现频率比较高的动词有：enjoy、 spend time doing、 keep、 feel like、以及介词的宾语(after、 for、 of、 about、 without、 the key to doing、 focus on 、 prevent… from.。常见的接动名词做宾语的及物动词短语有：give up、 put off、 insist on、 keep from doing、 depend on、 have (no. difficulty/ trouble in doing、 succeed in、 can’t help、 spend…in、 be busy in doing、 pay attention to、 look forward to、 object to、 be worth、 devote…to、 prefer doing to doing、 be/get used to doing、 be engaged in、 prevent sb. from doing、 thanks for doing
I enjoyed sitting close to the windows and looking at the view. (2015浙江.
It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? (2014陕西.
3. 动名词作表语：当动名词做表语时，谓语动词多为系动词be，且把表语和句子主语调换，句子仍然成立。
The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
4. 动名词作定语：多表示用途,相当于“for”短语，注意当动名词做定语时不与所修饰词发生主谓或动宾关系，也无时态变化。 如： a swimming pool = a pool for swimming
She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习。
He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。
5. 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词
He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。
We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。
6. 动名词的时态：
动名词的一般时动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。
I enjoy swimming in the big river. 我喜欢在大河里游泳。
I am used to watching TV in the evening. 我习惯于晚上看电视。
动名词的完成时动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。
She regret not having studied the computer hard. 她后悔没有努力学习计算机。
Do you remember having promised me that? 你记得给我许愿了吗？
7. 动名词的被动形式：
当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。
His being looked down upon made him sick. 他被人冷落使他很伤感。
动名词的复合结构为：名词所有格/物主代词+ doing， 如做宾语可改为名词宾格/名词普通格+doing。
I can't really stand being treated like that. 我简直受不了这样的对待。
8. 动名词的几个特殊情况：
(1. remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。
I remember meeting him in the street. 我记得在街上见过他。
I remember to write a letter to my parents. 我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
(2. "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作，"stop + 不定式"表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。
Stop smoking, please. 请不要抽烟。
Let's stop to have a rest. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。
(3. 动名词和分词的区别：
动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
reading text 阅读课文〔动名词〕
developing country 发展中国家〔分词〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋〔动名词〕
boiled water 开水〔分词〕
动名词练习题（一）
1. Mark often attempts to escape ____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined
2. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime.
A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing
3. The thief took away the woman's wallet without____.
A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him
4. People appreciate ____wit him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4 1998,1.
A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. have working
5. I've enjoyed ____ to talk with you.
A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined
2. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime.
A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing
3. The thief took away the woman's wallet without____.
A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him
4. People appreciate ____wit him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4 1998,1.
A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. have working
5. I've enjoyed ____ to talk with you.
A. to be able B. being able C. to been able D. of being able
6. No one can avoid ____ by advertisements.
A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence
7. They are considering ____ before the prices go up.
A. of buying the house B. with buying the house
C. buying the house D. to buy the house
8. He thought that __ __.
A. the effort doing the job was not worth B. the effort was not worth in doing the job
6. No one can avoid ____ by advertisements.
A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence
7. They are considering ____ before the prices go up.
A. of buying the house B. with buying the house
C. buying the house D. to buy the house
8. He thought that __ __.
A. the effort doing the job was not worth B. the effort was not worth in doing the job
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论