1 .able, capable, competent able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark.(猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)capable指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing0用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute.(他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor.(他是一位很好的大夫。)
competent指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.(医生应该能治多种病。)
2. aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
3. accept, receive
accept接受,receive“接至,“收到”。
如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn't accept it.(昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)
4. accident, incident, event
accident 事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
incident44附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。
event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。
5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain
accomplish 表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet?他的
小说写完了吗?)the job alone.(我要独自完成这项工作。)
achieve完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You w川achieve success if you work hard.
Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals・
6. accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)
correct"正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.
exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexacto precise强调“精确”,“精密”。
7. accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常与with 搭配。女E : The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常与for 搭配。女口:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house・
8. achieve, acquire, require, inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder.(如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)
acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)
inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person's name(问一个人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help.(我们需要更多的帮助。)
9. act, action, deed
act用作名词时,与action, deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples.(农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)
action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words.(行动比语言更重要。)
deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds.(他们感谢他做的好事。)
lO.actual, true, real, genuine
actual意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。
true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。
genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。
Inadequate, enough, sufficient
adequate足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。
require名词enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。
sufficient同enough ,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用enough, 在书面语中常用sufficient在不易肯定时多用enoughoEnough可放在被修饰名词后且可作副词sufficient 则不可这么用。
12. admit, confess
两者都表“承认”。
admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window.(约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)
Confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police.(小偷向警察承认了罪行。)
13. advice,advise
advice 劝告(名词)。女口 : I want to give you some advice.
advise 劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?
14. adopt, adapt adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl.(他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。
15. advance, proceed, progress
均可表“前进”。
advance表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleon's army advanced on Moscow.(拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)
proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris.他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)
peogress多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer.(光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。)
16. advantage, ben efit, profit
advantage常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education.(受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)
profit多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? 去年赚钱了吗?)
benefit指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)
17. advise, convince, persuade
均可表“劝说”。
advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank.(他劝我
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