语态是表⽰主、谓语之间关系的⼀种动词形式,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表⽰主语是动作的执⾏者,被动语法是动作的承受者。被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,讲⼀下被动语态要注意的问题:
⼀.双宾语动词的被动结构
带双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,通常是将间接宾语提前作主语,直接宾语变成了保留宾语。如果主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语,这时在间接宾语前要加介词to(可省去)或for(⼀般不可省),就是下⾯的三种情况:
The teacher gave him a dictionary⽼师给了他⼀本词典。
He was given a dictionary.
A dictionary was given to him给他了⼀本词典。
⼆.主动语态表⽰被动的情况
1.某些系动词构成的系表结构,可⽤主动语态表⽰被动意义。
Eg: The flower smells sweet花闻起来很⾹。
The soup tastes very delicious那汤味闻起来真好。
2.某些动词后加副词表⽰被动意义,常⽤的这类动词有wash, write ,sell, lock, shut ,clean等。
Eg.This type of television set sells well.这种电视机卖得很好。
This pen writes smoothly。这⽀笔写起来很流畅。
3.Want ,deserve ,need ,require ,及worth等词后⾯的主动语态表被动意义。在这些动词后(worth除外),既可以接动名词⼜可接不定式,接动名词要求⽤主动语态表⽰被动意义,接不定式要⽤被动结构。
Eg: The children require looking after=The children require to be looked after这些孩⼦需要照顾.
4.当不定式与它修饰的词之间有动宾关系,并且与句⼦的主语在意思上有主谓关系时,虽然表⽰的意思为被动,但却⽤主动形式。
Eg: We have many problems to solve.我们有许多问题要解决。
5.当不定式作表语(或宾补)形容词的状语,⼜与句⼦中的主语(或宾语)有逻辑上的动宾关系时,虽然不定式有被动意义,但只能⽤主动形式。
Eg: Some books are interesting to read, but boring to learn有些书读起来很有趣,但学起来很厌烦。They found the subject hard to understand 他们发现这个题⽬很难理解。
来做做下⾯的改错题:
1.Economic uncertainty, of course, is precisely why commodity futures
A B C
marked is existed
D
2.As the main objective of going to school is presumably to prepare
A B
for after life, it should be very easy to organize lectures designing
C
to give a broad view of the variety of occupations.
D
3.We insisted on giving the task and promised to fulfil it in time.
require名词A B C D
答案参考:
1.D exist是⼀个不及物动词不能⽤被动语态,要把D项改为exists.
2.C designing to gjve a broad view of the variety of occupations整个这⼀句都是⽤来修饰lecture的,design在句意中不能与lecture够成动宾关系,很明显,design得是⼈作主语的,因此,改为“designed".
3.B 不是我们“give the task",⽽是被别⼈“give the task",所以得⽤被动语态,改为“being given".

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