专题三　非谓语动词
◆非谓语动词的考查要点
1．动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题
(1)不定式作表语与“be＋to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
My job is to teach English.(说明内容)
be＋to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
He is to go abroad.
(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。
下列词语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。
(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：
主语＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb.to do sth.
主语＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel＋sb.＋to be/to have done
主语＋call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth.
(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
She is now looking for a room to live in.
(5)不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.
in order (not) to，so as (not) to用来引导目的状语；，so...as to do，such＋名词．..as to do作结果状语。
The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)
②不定式的完成时还可表示“require名词过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)should like to/would lik
e to/would love to＋完成时。(B)was/were to＋不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished＋不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
(7)不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I want to finish my homework and go home.
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.
It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What he did was lose the game.
③句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。
Don’t do anything silly，such as marry him.
④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。
⑤Why not，had better，would rather，can’t but等词后省to。
You’d better take it seriously.
⑥多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。
Susan is not what she used to be.
—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.
—I know I ought to have.
常见的有：I’d like/love/be happy to。
题组训练1
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．It’s important for the figures to_be_updated(update) regularly.
2．Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，but we seem to_be_losing(lose) the art of communicating face­to­face.
3．If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to_be_cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.
4．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to_hold(hold)．
5．Simon made a big bamboo box to_keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.
6．Passengers are permitted to_carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
7．More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to_raise(raise) people’s concern over food safety.
8．The ability to_express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
2．动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，can’t help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。
(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。
(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名
词。注意on/upon doing sth.＝as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。
On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.
(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：

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