2022年高考英语语法知识点讲解-动名词的用法
动名词 一、动名词的形式
一、动名词的形式require名词
1.肯定式
2.否定式
（1）not doing
Not being punctual makes him unreliable.不准时使人觉得他不可靠。
（2）not having done
I’m surprised at your not having noticed.你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。
（3）one’s not doing
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.
杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
动名词 二、动名词的句法作用
二、动名词的句法作用
1.作主语
（1）动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It is a waste of time doing ...做……是浪费时间
It is no good doing ...做……是没好处
It is no use doing ...做……是没用处
It’s fun doing ...做……很有意思
It is worth doing ...值得做……
It doesn’t matter doing ...做……没有关系
It is no good talking.空谈是没有用的。
It’s fun working for him.为他工作很有意思。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶打翻了哭也没有用。
It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。
It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。
It doesn’t matter wasting a little money.浪费一点钱没有关系。
【比较】
①It was nice meeting you.见到你真高兴！ （用于分别时）
②It is nice to meet you.（用于刚刚见面时）
（2）“There is no doing sth.” 句式中作主语，意为“不可能……，无法……”
There’s no denying the fact.这一事实不容否认。
There is no getting over the difficulty.这困难无法克服。
There is no knowing what he will do next.无法知道他下一步要干什么。
There was no telling when she would be back.没法知道她什么时候回来。
There is no saying how long the rain is going to last.说不准这场雨要下多久。
There is no bearing such rude remarks.如此粗话，叫人根本无法忍受。
2.作表语
His favorite sport is swimming.他喜欢的运动是游泳。
Her job was washing clothes.她的工作是洗衣服。
【提示】 动名词作主语和表语时要用“平行结构”。
Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It’s easy saying than doing.=It’s easy to say than to do.说易做难。
3.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的宾语
只用动名词作宾语的动词：
admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激
avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 耽误 deny 否认
endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent 阻止
fancy 想象 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 宽恕
imagine 想象 keep 继续 mention 提及 mind 介意
miss 错过 permit 允许 postpone 推迟 practise 练习
recommend 建议 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 stand 忍受
stop 停止 suggest 建议
It was impossible to avoid being affected.要想不受影响是不可能的。
I’ve often considered studying abroad.我经常在想出国留学。
She enjoys helping her parents with the housework.她喜欢帮她父母做家务。
Can you imagine living without electricity？ 你能想象没有电的生活吗？
（2）作短语动词的宾语
add to 增加 adapt oneself to 使适应
adjusted ...to 调整 apply oneself to 致力于
get used to 习惯 can’t help 禁不住
come close to 几乎 come to 谈到
contribute to 有助于；促成 contribute to 有助于
depend on 依靠 devote oneself to 献身于
do well in 在……方面做得好 dream of 梦想
feel like 打算 get down to开始
give up 放弃 go in for 爱好，喜欢
have an objection to 反对 insist on 坚持
lead to 导致 look forward to 盼望
object to 反对 pay attention to 注意
persist in 坚持 prefer ...to ...比起……更喜欢做
put off 推迟 set about 开始
stick to 坚持 succeed in 成功
The doctor told me to give up smoking.医生叫我戒烟。
She burst out crying.她突然哭起来。
They have put off leaving.他们已推迟动身。
I insist on taking a proper trip．我坚决主张进行一次合适的旅行。
I don’t feel like eating anything.我什么也不想吃。
I’m looking forward to seeing him.我盼望着见到他。
（3）作介词宾语
I am afraid of hurting her feelings.我怕伤害她的感情。
This is an instrument for measuring speed.这是一种测量速度用的仪器。
They have been used to living in the small village.他们已经习惯住在这个小村子里了。
How about going for a picnic？ 去野餐怎么样？
（4）有些及物动词接不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同。
attempt 试图 begin 开始 bother 麻烦 can’t bear不能忍受
cease 停止 continue 继续 hate 憎恨 intend 想要
like 喜欢 love 喜欢 prefer 宁可 start 开始
He likes to sing/singing.他喜欢唱歌。
It has started to rain/raining.开始下雨了。
（5）有些动词接不定式或动名词意义不同。
can’t help to do 不能帮忙做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做某事
be afraid to do 不敢做某事
be afraid of doing 担心发生某事
forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记做过某事
go on to do 继续去做另外一件事情
go on doing 继续做同一件事情
mean to do 打算要做某事
mean doing 意味着
remember to do 记住去做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事
regret to do 对要做的事遗憾
regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔
stop to do 停止去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
try to do 努力、企图做某事
try doing 试验、试一试某种办法
We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息了一会。
（to have a rest目的状语）
Don’t stop trying once again.不要停止，再试一次。
（trying ...作stop的宾语）
I’m afraid to tell her.我不敢告诉她。（因为害怕“不敢告诉她”）
He is afraid of being scolded.他担心受责备。（担心的是“会受到责备”）
4.作同位语
This is my recreation，reading novels.这便是我的娱乐，看小说。
His hobby，making model airplanes，is very interesting.
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