Welcome Unit: Discovering Useful Structure
Basic Useful Structures教学设计
This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: learn the knowledge about basic components of a sentence and the basic useful sentence structures. Students are often confused about this grammar and this period carries considerable significance to students’ future learning and lays a solid foundation for the acquisition of English grammar learning and language appreciation. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.
1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic sentence structures and basic components of a sentence.
2. Enable students to use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.
4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.
1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic sentence structures and the basic components of a sentence.
2. How to enable students to use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
This grammar mainly consists two parts: the components of a sentence and the basic sentence structures. Thus, the teaching plan is divided into two steps.
Step 1: Let students understand the basic definitions about a sentence.
句子成分的定义:  构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
1）句子的具体成分:主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。 比如：
1.The room is very clean.    （名词）
2.We often speak English .      （代词）
3. Eight is my lucky number.      （数词）
4 To teach them English is my job.     （动词不定式）
5 Swimming is good for our health.        (动名词）
6.What we need is food.  （句子）
7.The poor are everywhere in some countries.      (the +形容词)
2）谓语(predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”，“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词，体现时态和语态，一般放在主语之后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：  He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：
a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 
如： He can speak English.
b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。
We always get up at seven.
They are talking about something.
He went to the park yesterday.
The boy can play guitar very well.
He doesn't like speaking Chinese.
I have seen the film before.
He didn't finish his homework last night.
3)表语(predicative)
表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。
常见的系动词：
1. 表状态：be
2. 表感官：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
3. 表变化：become,  grow,  turn,      fall, get, go, fall
4. 表持续,保持：keep, remain, stay
5. 表似乎,像：seem，appear
例子： 划线部分均为表语：
• 1 I am a teacher.    （名词）
• 2 I am ten.   （数词）
• 3 He became rich and successful.  （形容词） 
• 4 Everyone is here.    （副词）
• 5 They are at home now.  （ 介词短语）
• 6 My job is to teach them English.  （不定式）
 4）宾语（object）
宾语：表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者。
宾语的种类：
动宾：动词+宾语
介宾：介词+宾语
例：read books      like English        The book is good for us .
例子： 划线部分为宾语。
1 He is playing the piano.（名词）
2 He often helps me.（代词）
3 He likes to watch TV.  (动词不定式）
4 He likes watching TV.  （动词ing)
5）宾语补足语
英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。
例子： 划线部分为宾语补足语
1 We called him Dongming.（名词）
2 We saw him playing soccer. （现在分词）
3 We saw him play soccer. (省to不定式)
4 We found math difficult.（形容词）
6)状语(adverbial)
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的，比较等,可用作状语的有副词, 不定式, 分词, 介词短语, 从句等。
• 1. Tom runs quickly.
• elect是什么意思2. I get up at six every day.
3. I play soccer very well.
4. In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.
• 5. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.
• 6. The boy needs a pen to do his homework
7）双宾语：IO +DO
直接宾语：在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语direct object（简称“直宾”），表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect object)。
1. He read us the text.        → He read the text to us.
2. My sister wrote me a letter.  → My sister wrote a letter to me.
3. Henry teaches us English.  → Henry teaches English to us.
4. My mother bought me a watch. → My mother bought a watch for me.
5. Her mother made her a cake.  → Her mother made a cake for her.
Step 2: Enable students to master the knowledge of basic sentence structures.
简单句的基本句型结构
简单句：只存在一个主谓关系的句子，即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。     
五大基本句型
英文的基本句型有五种，它们是：
A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语（SVP）
B.主语 + 动词（SV）
C.主语 + 动词 + 宾语（SVO）

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