教案7.19
英语连词用法和总结
一、概述
连词是一种虚词(虚词:无实在意义,在句子中不能独立承担句子成分的一类词),用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。
二、并列连词的用法
(一)、表示转折关系的并列连词
主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而,却)等。
如:I would have written before but I have been ill. 我本该早写信的,但我生病了。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要尝试。
You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你爱打网球,但我爱看书                                                               
but的用法举例
1. 连接词或短语
He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心,而是开得很慢。
2. 连接句子
This isn’t a good one but it will answer. 这不太好,但可以将就用。
She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他说了早上好,但他没有回应。
3. 用于句首
But in secret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高兴。
But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?
4. 用于道歉的表达之后
Sorry, but we’re behind schedule. 抱歉,我们落在计划后了。
I’m frightfully sorry, but I can’t see you today. 太对不起了,我今天不能见你
5. 用于not…but…,表示不是……而是……”
Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。
6. 用在某些否定语后,表示……”
He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。
She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。
You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己。
7. 用于next (last) but one 中,表示隔壁再过去”“倒数第……”
He lives in the next house but one. 他住在隔壁再过去一家。
He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。
8. can’t help but 不由得不……
You can’t help but respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他们。
I can’t help but wonder what I should do next. 我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办。
【注意】不要按汉语意思将虽然但是…”直译为although…but…
误:Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉thoughbut中任一个)
but however的用法区别
两者均可表示转折或对比,意为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等,但有区别:
1. 表示转折时,but 是连词。如:
He is young but very experienced. 他虽年轻,但经验很丰富。
He has three daughters but no sons. 他有3 个女儿,但没有儿子。
2. however 表示“然而”、“可是”时,有的词书认为它是连词,有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词,也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首,而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗号),甚至句末 (注意其前也用逗号)如:
Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来改变了主意。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到,不过他等会儿可能会来。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此,可是他错了。
注意:以上各例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写。如:
He said that it was so, but he was mistaken. 他说情况如此,可他错了。
3. 当连接两个句子时,其前通常应用分号,或另起新句。如:
It’s raining hard; however, I think we should go out. / It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 雨下得很大,但我想我们还得出去。
注意:上例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写 (注意所用标点的变化)如:
It’s raining hard, but I think we should go out.
yet的用法
1yet用作连词时,与but一样也主要用于转折,意为但是”“
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要尝试。
2、有时用在句首。如:
Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里显得很欢快。
3yet有时可与并列连词andbut连用,构成习语and yetbut yet,意为虽然如此”“
”“然而,与单独使用的yet意思相同。如:
He’s not really nice-looking, and yet he has enormous charm. 他并不十分好看,可是他很有魅力。
4、根据英语习惯,although不能与连词but搭配使用,但是although可以与yet搭配连用(此时的yet可视为副词)。如:
Although we are poor, yet we are happy. 尽管我们穷,但我们很快活。
Although we have made some progress, yet we still have a long way to go.
我们虽然取得了些进步,但还是远远不够的。
while的用法
1、考查表示时间的用法,其意为……的时候
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
Stand still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时站着不要动。
2、考查表示让步的用法,其意为尽管”“虽然如:
While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 虽然工作有难度,但很有趣。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思,但我还是不同意。
3、考查表示对比的用法,其意为”“如:
In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their
children. 有些地方妇女挣钱,而男子则在家里持家和带孩子。
注意:这样用时,while引出的句子有时也可位于句首。如:
While most children learn to read easily, some need extra help.
大多数儿童学会阅读很容易,有一些儿童却需要特别帮助。
4、考查其省略用法,即主句与从句主语相同,且从句谓语动词含有动词beschedule是什么意思英语时,通常可省略从句主语和动词be如:
While (he was) in prison, she wrote her first novel. 她在狱中写出了第一部小说。
He had strayed from home while still a boy. 他小时候就离开家到处流浪了。
I was only listening to the radio with half an ear, while (I was) preparing some food.
我正在做吃的东西,没太留心听收音机。
 
(二)、表选择的并列连词
主要 or (或者,还是,否则), either…or…(不是…就是…), neither…or…(既不…也不…), otherwise (要不然)等。注:neither…nor…连接两个句子,注意用倒装语序。
Be careful about what you say or you may regret it. 当心你讲的话,否则你会后悔的。
Either say you’re sorry or else get out! 你要么道歉,要么!
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
or的用法
1、表示选择,意为”“还是
Is the radio off or on? 无线电关上了还是开着的?
Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡?

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