1.New England 新英格兰
2.Midwest中西部地区
3.Rocky Mountain 落基山脉
4.Great Plains 大平原
5.Statue of Liberty自由女神像
6.Wall Street华尔街
7.Rust Belt 铁锈地带
8.Grand Canyon大峡谷
9.Golden Gate Bridge 金门大桥
10.Death Valley 死亡谷
11.Yellowstone National Park 黄石国家公园
12.Niagara Fall 尼亚加拉瀑布
13.Puritan清教徒
14.City upon the Hill 山巅之城
15.Exceptionalism 卓异论
16.potato famine 马铃薯大饥荒/土豆大饥荒
17.nativism 本土主义
18.xenophobia 仇外心理〔对外国人的强烈恐惧或憎恨〕
19.Catholicism 天主教
20.Protestantism 新教
21.individualism 个人主义
22.collectivism 集体主义
23.ethnic minority 少数民族/少数族裔
24.Asian Americans 亚裔美国人
25.Chinese Americans 华裔美国人
26.Gold Rush淘金热
27.Angel Island 天使岛
28.Chinese Exclusion Act 《法案》
1882 an exclusionary law against the Chinese
29.naturalization 归化/入籍
30.Uncle Sam 山姆大叔
31.quota配额
32.yellow peril 黄祸
33.Chinatown 中国城/唐人街
34.Indian Americans 印度裔美国人
35.Filipino Americans 菲律宾裔美国人
36.national 国民
37.alien 外国人
38.model minority 模范少数族裔
a minority group in certain countries achieve a higher degree if  socioeconomic success than population average.
39.Hispanics 西班牙裔美国人
40.Latinos 拉丁裔/拉美裔美国人
41.Zero Tolerance 零容忍
42.birthright citizenship 出生公民权
43.anchor baby 锚定婴儿
44.federalism 联邦主义
A principle invented by the framer. Federalism refers to a dual form of government in which there is a functional and territorial division of authority. It refers to a political system in which there are local units of government, as well as a national government.
45.unitary system 单一制
The most common form of political grouping like that of the Great Britain. Such a government has no autonomous units: the ultimate government authority rests in a central government. In such a situation, policies can be applied uniformly to the whole country.
46.death penalty 死刑
47.grants-in-aid 财政补贴
48.Amendment to the Constitution 宪法修正案
49.Cabinet 内阁
50.vice president 副总统
51.presidential nomination 总统提名
52.legislative branch 立法部门
53.Congress 国会
A law-making body.
Made up of a House of Representatives of 435 members and a Senate of 100 members. Discuss &vote
54.House of Representatives 众议院
55.Senate 参议院
56.Judicial Branch/Judiciary 司法部门
Courts —— supreme court  courts of appeal and district dourts
Justices appointed by president appointed for life
have the right to declare laws of the congress and the act of the executive branch void if they are judged to be in conflict with the Constitution
57.Supreme Court 最高法院
Highest court, the only national court that can review a state court decision
58.chief justice 首席大法官
59.judicial review司法审查
the right of the federal courts to determine whether or not a piece of law, whether state or national, is consonant with the U.S. Constitution.
60.court of appeals上诉法院
61.circuit court 巡回法院/巡回法庭
62.same-sex marriage 同性婚姻
63.separation of powers 三权分立
At the national level, power is not concentrated in one branch of government, but, instead, lodged in three branches — the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary. None of the three branches is fully dependent on any one of the others, and yet each one of them was some interdependence with the other too. Furthermore, to checks and balances, the personnel of each branch are chosen in different ways
64.checks and balances 制衡
65.pocket veto 搁置否决
within ten days before adjournment Congress passes a bill and the president merely ignore it, neither approving or disapproving it and the bill won’t be a law.
66.bill of rights 人权法案
unequal
In 1791, 10 amendments provide American citizens the freedom of belief, the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, and the freedom of assembly.
67.Democratic Party 民主党
68.Republican Party 共和党
69.primary election 预选
70.national convention 全国代表大会
71.undocumented immigrant 无证移民
72.ethnic and racial diversity 种族多样性
73.electoral college 选举团
74.popular vote大众选票
75.Winner Take All 赢者通吃
If the candidates of a party for electors in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for the state, even though a presidential candidate receives only slightly more than electoral votes of the state. And this system is called the "winner-take-all” principle. 如果某一政党候选人在该州获得的票数高于对手，即可获得该州所有的选举人票.目前除了缅因州和内布拉斯加州，美国其余四十八州均采取「胜者全拿」（winner-take-all）的选举制度。美国的嬴者全嬴政策;赢家获得一切。
If a candidate wins a majority, he will take all of the states’ electoral votes.
76.racial segregation 种族隔离
the policy of keeping racial groups of people apart from another and treating them differently.

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