完形填空
Two new studies add further pieces to the jigsaw puzzle that is human evolution. One reports a (n)____1____extra member of the genus Homo. The other casts ____2____ on possible interbreeding between three human species in the Middle East.
Homo longi--- “Dragon man” into English from Chinese, via Latin---is not a (n)____3____find, but a reinterpretation of an existing one. The cranium (头盖) in question was dug up in Harbin in1933 and is____4____at Hebei GEO University, in Shijiazhuang. It is146,000 years old and was____5____ badged as an archaic form of Homo sapiens (智人). But Ni Xijun and Ji Qiang, who work at the university, disagree. As they report in the Innovation, the cranium would indeed have contained a brain similar in size to a modern human’s, but the fossil is too large to be sapiens and has molars and eye sockets which dwarf those of people today. Dr Ni and Dr Ji also realised that it is too long and low to be sapiens. It lacks the____6____of a modern human cranium.
This is good news for____7____ of the recent- African- origin theory, which holds that most n
on-African human beings alive today are descendants of a small number of migrants who____8____to Asia from the Horn of Africa about60, 000 years ago, meaning that any non- African human fossil from before that date is probably of another species descended from earlier, non- sapiens departures from Africa. The question was, which earlier species did the Harbin fossil represent? By____9____it with known archaic humans, including Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis, Dr Ni and Dr Ji_____10_____ that it was none of them, and must therefore be new to science and so worthy of its own name. There is, however, one other possibility-for there is a now-extinct type of human of which no cranium has yet been _____11_____ . Homo denisova’s existence was established by the extraction of DNA from a finger bone, and traces of that DNA, a remnant of interspecies breeding，still exist in modern humans, notably in China. Since one of the Harbin fossil’s molars perfectly matches the size and root _____12_____ of a molar from the Denisova cave in Russia, after which Homo denisova is named, it may be that Dr Ni and Dr Ji have actually identified the first Denisovan cranium.
The other study, published in Science by Israel Hershkovitz of Tel Aviv University, also spea
ks to the question of interspecific interbreeding. Even supporters of the recent-African-origin theory recognise that there was, _____13_____, an earlier “ leakage” of Homo sapiens from north-east Africa into the Levant. Dr Hershkovitz and his colleagues have been examining fossils of _____14_____ antiquity—120,000-l40,000 years-- collected from Nesher Ramla, a site in Israel. These, they found, have sapiens-like jaw bones, Neanderthal-like molars and crania similar to those of Homo erectus. This suggests to them that they are the _____15_____ of miscegenation between all three.
1．A．faint    B．potential    C．routine    D．fake
2．A．soil    B．air    C．water    D．light
3．A．secret    B．novel    C．relative    D．reverse
4．A．headed    B．handled    C．held    D．handed
5．A．originally    B．independently    C．unexpectedly    D．inevitably
6．A．laziness    B．selfishness    C．effectiveness    D．roundness
7．A．directors    B．supporters    C．investors    D．reminders
8．A．took    B．left    C．crossed    D．toured
9．A．comparing    B．applying    C．referring    D．persisting
10．A．excluded    B．included    C．mentioned    D．concluded
11．A．equipped    B．identified    C．perfected    D．launched
12．A．structure    B．range    C．lead    D．fill
13．A．by contrast    B．as a result    C．in reality    D．in addition
14．A．opposite    B．crucial    C．relevant    D．compulsory
15．A．product    B．property    C．procedure    D．protein
An internet troll is someone who posts insulting comments in an online chat room, social-networking site or blog. Their aim is not to contribute to the discussion, but to ___16___ pe
ople or     make them angry.
Sometimes the comments are fairly ___17___. For example, a troll might visit a website that is     dedicated to fighting global warming and post a comment like ‘Global warming is a myth made up by second-rate scientists who just want to further their own careers.’ Some visitors to the website might think that the opinion is genuine and start ___18___. This is exactly what the troll wants: to start a fight.
However, many trolls are far more dangerous and post comments that are deeply hurtful. In 2011, 45-year-old Nicola Brookes left a message of support for a reality TV contestant on Facebook. The contestant had received hate mail on Facebook and, feeling archaic___19___ for the young man, Ms Brookes left a message on his Facebook page, saying simply: ‘Keep your chin up, Frankie, they’ll move on to someone else soon.’ They did move on to someone else—Ms Brookes—within minutes. More than 100 cruel messages were left in just 24 hours, and a(n) ___20___ Facebook page was set up in her name.
Racist trolling probably has the highest profile cases. When Premier League footballer Fabr
ice Muamba collapsed on the field during a match in 2012, racist messages appeared on Twitter taking pleasure in his ___21___ and laughing at him. ___22___, Muamba made a complete recovery. The effects of such attacks can be terrible, especially for people who are being targeted precisely because they admitted to a vulnerability (易受伤) in the first place.

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